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Yet, few life cycle assessment (LCA) studies have examined environmental performance of ACCs. This study assessed the ACC sustainability through a cradle\u2010to\u2010gate LCA following the ISO 14040: 2006 framework. ACCs were produced via cellulose dissolution in either stand\u2010alone ionic liquid 1\u2010ethyl\u20103\u2010methylimidazolium acetate (EMIM OAc) or with its co\u2010solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). DMSO served as a co\u2010solvent to reduce the EMIM OAc viscosity and improve cellulose dissolution. The E60D40 solvent (60 wt.% EMIM OAc, 40 wt.% DMSO) exhibited the lowest global warming potential (GWP) at 0.25\u00a0kg CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    eq\/FU, whereas the E20D80 had the highest at 0.75\u00a0kg CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    eq\/FU, exceeding stand\u2010alone EMIM OAc (0.33\u00a0kg CO\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    eq\/FU), where FU is the equivalent mass of ACCs. Human health, ecosystem quality, and resource scarcity impacts ranged from 5.06 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u22127<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u20131.56 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u22126<\/jats:sup>\n                    DALY\/FU, 1.15 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u22129<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u20133.94 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u22129<\/jats:sup>\n                    species.yr\/FU, and 2.70 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u20138.20 \u00d7 10\n                    <jats:sup>\u22122<\/jats:sup>\n                    USD\n                    <jats:sub>2013<\/jats:sub>\n                    \/FU, respectively across different solvent scenarios. These findings illustrate that ACC development can be made more sustainable with DMSO's influence over pure EMIM OAc type solvent formulations.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/gch2.70167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T17:16:23Z","timestamp":1790788583000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Cradle\u2010to\u2010Gate Life Cycle Assessment of Sustainable All\u2010Cellulose Composites Using Imidazolium\u2010Based Ionic Liquid"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-4898-5406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guanyi","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Astronomy University of Leeds  Leeds UK"},{"name":"School of Mathematics University of Leeds  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7119-4138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keeran","family":"Ward","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical and Process Engineering (SCAPE) University of Leeds  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5145-3320","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel L.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Astronomy University of Leeds  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6789-426X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diego Freire","family":"Ord\u00f3\u00f1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering Imperial College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8050-3200","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael E.","family":"Ries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Physics and Astronomy University of Leeds  Leeds UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat9072"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2025.119306"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JMAPRO.2023.01.068"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853\u2010011\u20105774\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2022.107062"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","first-page":"24","article-title":"Dimethyl Sulfoxide History, Chemistry, and Clinical Utility in Dermatology","volume":"5","author":"Capriotti K.","year":"2012","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic Dermatology"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/c3gc42244e"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ma049300h"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2005.08.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570\u2010023\u201005535\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules25122836"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mame.201700335"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41893\u2010022\u201001004\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/FENVS.2022.973102\/TEXT"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.HELIYON.2023.E22404"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.CLWAS.2025.100268"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.WASMAN.2024.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","unstructured":"G.Brundtland Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our Common Future (1987)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10965\u2010020\u201002214\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570\u2010023\u201005535\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmatsci.2025.101547"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2024.108510"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/polym13142326"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","unstructured":"ISO 14040:2006 \u2013 Environmental management \u2014 Life cycle assessment \u2014 Principles and framework Retrieved2026 fromhttps:\/\/www.iso.org\/standard\/37456.html#amendment."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","unstructured":"P. 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