{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T11:51:31Z","timestamp":1762429891504},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,6]],"date-time":"2003-11-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1068076800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genesis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Dlx5<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Dlx6<\/jats:italic>, two members of the <jats:italic>Distalless<\/jats:italic> gene family, are required for development of numerous tissues during embryogenesis, including facial and limb development. This gene pair is expressed in tandem, transcribed toward each other and separated by a short intergenic region containing multiple putative enhancers. Targeted inactivation of <jats:italic>Dlx5<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Dlx6<\/jats:italic> in mice results in multiple developmental defects in craniofacial and limb structures, suggesting that these genes are crucial for aspects of both neural crest and nonneural crest development. To further investigate potential developmental roles of Dlx5 and Dlx6, we used one of the <jats:italic>Dlx5<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>6<\/jats:italic> intergenic enhancers to drive <jats:italic>Cre<\/jats:italic> recombinase expression in transgenic mice. Crossing <jats:italic>Dlx5<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>6<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:italic>Cre<\/jats:italic> transgenic mice with mice from the <jats:italic>R26R<\/jats:italic> strain results in \u03b2\u2010galactosidase staining in the apical ectodermal ridge, brain, and neural crest\u2010derived mesenchyme of the pharyngeal arches, with staining in term embryos observed in the facial skeleton and specific brain structures. However, in contrast to endogenous expression patterns of <jats:italic>Dlx5<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Dlx6<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>Cre<\/jats:italic> expression within the pharyngeal arches occurs during a very narrow window in early development. Our studies suggest that <jats:italic>Dlx5<\/jats:italic>\/<jats:italic>6<\/jats:italic>\u2010<jats:italic>Cre<\/jats:italic> mice may prove useful both in further understanding the function and regulation of <jats:italic>Distalless<\/jats:italic> genes during development and in studies of gene function in conditional knockout mice. genesis 37:188\u2013194, 2003. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/gene.10247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,12,5]],"date-time":"2003-12-05T10:00:32Z","timestamp":1070618432000},"page":"188-194","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["<i>Dlx5\/6<\/i>\u2010enhancer directed expression of Cre recombinase in the pharyngeal arches and brain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Louis\u2010Bruno","family":"Ruest","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert E.","family":"Hammer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masashi","family":"Yanagisawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David E.","family":"Clouthier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,11,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3811","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.126.17.3795","article-title":"Craniofacial, vestibular and bone defects in mice lacking the Distal\u2010less\u2010related gene Dlx5","volume":"126","author":"Acampora 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