{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T12:35:43Z","timestamp":1788870943358,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,12]],"date-time":"2002-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1037059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":11,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Training Grants 5R25CA57708"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Training Grants 5R25CA57708"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["5T32CA09314"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["5T32CA09314"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007197","name":"USPHS","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["CA-06927"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CA-06927"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007197","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Commonwealth of Pennsylvania"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genetic Epidemiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Breast cancer and prostate cancer are the most commonly occurring cancers in females and males, respectively. The objective of this project was to test the hypothesis that breast cancer in females and prostate cancer in males represent homologous cancers that may be controlled by one or more common unidentified genes that may explain some of the observed familial aggregation. We modeled the transmission of a breast\u2010prostate cancer phenotype in 389 pedigrees ascertained through a breast cancer proband drawn from the Icelandic Cancer Registry. Assuming that age at diagnosis of this combined phenotype followed a logistic distribution, segregation analyses were performed to evaluate residual parental effects, a sibship covariate, and a dichotomous cohort effect. The most parsimonious model was a Mendelian codominant model, which could partly explain the familial aggregation of both cancers. Inheritance of a putative high\u2010risk allele (A) predicted gender\u2010specific mean ages of onset for females as 53.8 years, 59.7 years, and 65.6 years for the putative AA, AB, and BB genotypes, respectively. Similarly, the predicted means were 73.7 years, 75.6 years, and 78.3 years, respectively, among males. Under this codominant model, the lifetime risk of a woman being affected was 19% by age 80 years. This implies that when prostate cancer among male relatives of breast cancer probands (unselected for family history or early\u2010onset disease) is considered a pleiotrophic effect of the same gene that increases the risk for breast cancer, women are predicted to have a less than 1 in 5 risk of developing breast cancer when they carry the putative high\u2010risk allele. However, this is a higher risk than in the general Icelandic population. Our results suggest that BRCA2 mutations alone are inadequate to explain all of the excess clustering of prostate cancer cases in families of breast cancer probands, and that additional genes conferring excess risk to both breast and prostate cancer may exist in this population. Genet. Epidemiol. 23:349\u2013363, 2002. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.10188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,14]],"date-time":"2002-11-14T08:45:36Z","timestamp":1037263536000},"page":"349-363","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Segregation analysis of 389 Icelandic pedigrees with Breast and prostate cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Agnes B.","family":"Baffoe\u2010Bonnie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lambertus A.L.M.","family":"Kiemeney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terri H.","family":"Beaty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joan E.","family":"Bailey\u2010Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Audrey H.","family":"Schnell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helgi","family":"Sigvaldason","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guriur","family":"\u00d3lafsd\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laufey","family":"Tryggvad\u00f3ttir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hrafn","family":"Tulinius","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.1974.1100705"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"American Cancer Society.2000. 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Doctor of Philosophy dissertation Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2272(200001)18:1<81::AID-GEPI6>3.0.CO;2-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejhg.5200717"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004390000384"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/302994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2531211"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/91.15.1310"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-0004.1977.tb00928.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1426718"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng823"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.8.3367"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"53","article-title":"Family history and prostate cancer risk in a population\u2010based cohort of Iowa men","volume":"8","author":"Cerhan JR","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.1370120408"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/320114"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/318187"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19981029)78:3<293::AID-IJC5>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000153185"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","first-page":"63","article-title":"Segregation analysis","volume":"11","author":"Elston RC","year":"1981","journal-title":"Adv Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/096228000666851885"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.1370060138"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"Sampling considerations in the gathering and analyses of pedigree data","volume":"27","author":"Elston RC","year":"1979","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000152448"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","first-page":"31","article-title":"General models for segregation analysis","volume":"27","author":"Elston RC","year":"1975","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-1809.1995.tb00747.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","first-page":"4513","article-title":"The frequency of germ\u2010line mutations in the breast cancer predisposition genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 in familial prostate cancer","volume":"60","author":"Gayther SA","year":"2000","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/302969"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","first-page":"28","article-title":"Efficiency and robustness of pedigree segregation analysis","volume":"30","author":"Go RCP","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009313"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(20000915)89:6<1315::AID-CNCR17>3.0.CO;2-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-2264(2000)9999:9999<::AID-GCC1090>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","first-page":"4830","article-title":"Different tumor types from BRCA2 carriers show wild\u2010type chromosome deletions on 13q12q13","volume":"55","author":"Gudmundsson V","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","first-page":"749","article-title":"Frequent occurrence of BRCA2 linkage in Icelandic breast cancer families and segregation of a common BRCA2 haplotype","volume":"58","author":"Gudmundsson V","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/87.13.991"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","first-page":"3663","article-title":"High prevalence of the 999del5 mutation in Icelandic breast and ovarian cancer patients","volume":"56","author":"Johannesdottir G","year":"1996","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.17.9603"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/er.19.4.365"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","first-page":"1074","volume-title":"(Anonymous). 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