{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T22:05:44Z","timestamp":1790892344664,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,7]],"date-time":"2011-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1323216000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genetic Epidemiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence of Down syndrome (DS) associated with Chernobyl fallout. Maternal age\u2010adjusted DS data and corresponding live birth data from the following seven European countries or regions were analyzed: Bavaria and West Berlin in Germany, Belarus, Hungary, the Lothian Region of Scotland, North West England, and Sweden from 1981 to 1992. To assess the underlying time trends in the DS occurrence, and to investigate whether there have been significant changes in the trend functions after Chernobyl, we applied logistic regression allowing for peaks and jumps from January 1987 onward. The majority of the trisomy 21 cases of the previously reported, highly significant January 1987 clusters in Belarus and West Berlin were conceived when the radioactive clouds with significant amounts of radionuclides with short physical half\u2010lives, especially <jats:sup>131<\/jats:sup>iodine, passed over these regions. Apart from this, we also observed a significant longer lasting effect in both areas. Moreover, evidence for long\u2010term changes in the DS prevalence in several other European regions is presented and explained by exposure, especially to <jats:sup>137<\/jats:sup>Cs. In many areas, <jats:sup>137<\/jats:sup>Cs uptake reached its maximum one year after the Chernobyl accident. Thus, the highest increase in trisomy 21 should be observed in 1987\/1988, which is indeed the case. Based on the fact that maternal meiosis is an error prone process, the assumption of a causal relationship between low\u2010dose irradiation and nondisjunction is the most likely explanation for the observed increase in DS after the Chernobyl reactor accident. <jats:italic>Genet. Epidemiol<\/jats:italic>. 36 : 48\u201355, 2012. \u00a9 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.20662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,7]],"date-time":"2011-12-07T20:37:57Z","timestamp":1323290277000},"page":"48-55","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Evidence for an increase in trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) in Europe after the Chernobyl reactor accident"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Karl","family":"Sperling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical and Human Genetics Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universitaetsmedizin Berlin  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heidemarie","family":"Neitzel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Medical and Human Genetics Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universitaetsmedizin Berlin  Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hagen","family":"Scherb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Biomathematics and Biometry Helmholtz Zentrum M\u00fcnchen\u2014German Research Centre for Environmental Health  Neuherberg Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7403855"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1289\/ehp.01109179"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a017952"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","unstructured":"BEIRV.Committee on the biological effects of ionizing radiation National Research Council.1990. 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