{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T09:37:09Z","timestamp":1768729029693,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,28]],"date-time":"2012-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1332892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Genetic Epidemiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>We study the analysis of a joint association between a genetic marker with both binary (case\u2010control) and quantitative (continuous) traits, where the quantitative trait values are only available for the cases due to data sharing and outcome\u2010dependent sampling. Data sharing becomes common in genetic association studies, and the outcome\u2010dependent sampling is the consequence of data sharing, under which a phenotype of interest is not measured for some subgroup. The trend test (or Pearson's test) and <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u2010test are often, respectively, used to analyze the binary and quantitative traits. Because of the outcome\u2010dependent sampling, the usual <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u2010test can be applied using the subgroup with the observed quantitative traits. We propose a modified <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u2010test by also incorporating the genotype frequencies of the subgroup whose traits are not observed. Further, a combination of this modified <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u2010test and Pearson's test is proposed by Fisher's combination of their <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2010values as a joint analysis. Because of the correlation of the two analyses, we propose to use a Gamma (scaled chi\u2010squared) distribution to fit the asymptotic null distribution for the joint analysis. The proposed modified <jats:italic>F<\/jats:italic>\u2010test and the joint analysis can also be applied to test single trait association (either binary or quantitative trait). Through simulations, we identify the situations under which the proposed tests are more powerful than the existing ones. Application to a real dataset of rheumatoid arthritis is presented.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21619","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,31]],"date-time":"2012-03-31T00:08:07Z","timestamp":1333152487000},"page":"263-273","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Joint Analysis of Binary and Quantitative Traits With Data Sharing and Outcome\u2010Dependent Sampling"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Gang","family":"Zheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart Lung and Blood Institute  Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colin O.","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart Lung and Blood Institute  Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Minjung","family":"Kwak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Heart Lung and Blood Institute  Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenhua","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jungnam","family":"Joo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Cancer Center  Geonggi\u2010do Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joao A.C.","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1753-6561-3-s7-s2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.01.055"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"Article 29","article-title":"Multiple imputation of missing phenotype data for QTL mapping","volume":"10","author":"Bobb JF","year":"2011","journal-title":"Stat Appl Genet Mol Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/468189"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/491658"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1753-6561-3-s7-s6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2006.078063"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000064976"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21385"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3759"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7152(02)00310-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2533494"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/302413"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1206"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519-004-0811-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3569"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1753-6561-3-s7-s23"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1198\/jasa.2009.ap08387"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/09-STS314"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jkss.2008.10.006"}],"container-title":["Genetic Epidemiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fgepi.21619","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/gepi.21619","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,30]],"date-time":"2023-10-30T11:05:03Z","timestamp":1698663903000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/gepi.21619"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,28]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/gepi.21619"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/gepi.21619","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0741-0395","1098-2272"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0741-0395","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2272","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,3,28]]}}}