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Therefore, a candidate single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) approach was used in a breast cancer case\u2010control study to explore genotypes and haplotypes that have the potential to affect protein functions or levels. In a breast cancer case\u2010control study, genotyping of <jats:italic>BRCA1<\/jats:italic> polymorphisms Q356R, D693N, and E1038G was performed on 1,005 cases and 1,765 controls. Unconditional, polytomous logistic regression and <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2010tests were used to examine the associations of breast cancer with genotypes and haplotypes. In addition, interactions between genotype and smoking, benign breast disease, family history of breast cancer, body mass index (BMI), alcohol consumption, and hormonal risk factors, hormone receptor status, and breast cancer pathology were calculated also using logistic regression and <jats:italic>\u03c7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>. Although sporadic breast cancer was not associated with <jats:italic>BRCA1<\/jats:italic> genotypes or haplotypes overall or by menopausal status, there was evidence of an interaction between the E1038G BRCA1 genotype, smoking, and BMI among premenopausal women (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> for interaction = 0.01 and 0.045, respectively) and between E1038G and D693N BRCA1 genotypes and hormone therapy use among postmenopausal women (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> for interaction = 0.01 and 0.02, respectively). There were no other associations found between <jats:italic>BRCA1<\/jats:italic> genotypes and stage, histological grade, or nuclear grade. However, the D693N SNP was associated with the risk of triple negative breast cancer (odds ratio = 2.31 95% confidence interval 1.08\u20134.93). The <jats:italic>BRCA1<\/jats:italic> variants studied may play a role in the etiology of triple negative breast cancer and may interact with environmental factors such as hormone therapy or smoking and increase sporadic breast cancer risk.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.21730","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,14]],"date-time":"2013-05-14T17:41:45Z","timestamp":1368553305000},"page":"504-511","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["<i>BRCA1<\/i> Polymorphisms and Breast Cancer Epidemiology in the Western New York Exposures and Breast Cancer (WEB) Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Luisel J.","family":"Ricks\u2010Santi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"National Human Genome Center at Howard University  Washington District of Columbia"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Howard University College of Medicine  Washington District of Columbia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Nie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Preventive Medicine University at Buffalo, State University of New York  Buffalo New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catalin","family":"Marian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio State University Cancer Center The Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heather M.","family":"Ochs\u2010Balcom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Preventive Medicine University at Buffalo, State University of New York  Buffalo New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maurizio","family":"Trevisan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Nevada Health Sciences System  Las Vegas New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen B.","family":"Edge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Roswell Park Cancer Institute  Buffalo New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo L.","family":"Freudenheim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social and Preventive Medicine University at Buffalo, State University of New York  Buffalo New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter G.","family":"Shields","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ohio State University Cancer Center The Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,5,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"18","key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1494","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1996.03540180050032","article-title":"Cigarette smoking, N\u2010acetyltransferase 2 genetic polymorphisms, and breast cancer risk","volume":"276","author":"Ambrosone CB","year":"1996","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-07-0598"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"2011","article-title":"Distinct molecular pathogeneses of early\u2010onset breast cancers in BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers: a population\u2010based study","volume":"59","author":"Armes JE","year":"1999","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.16.6231"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bth457"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)14065-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.23518"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-437X(98)80056-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/748367"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-010-9579-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2008.07.028"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrclinonc.2010.154"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/bcr973"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddr388"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-09-0447"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/6.2.285"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(90)90005-M"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-2456(98)00037-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/5.6.835"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","first-page":"265","article-title":"Breast and ovarian cancer incidence in BRCA1\u2010mutation carriers. 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