{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,23]],"date-time":"2026-01-23T22:20:11Z","timestamp":1769206811973,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655164800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000865","name":"Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000865","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015131","name":"Foundation for Sarcoidosis Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015131","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Genetic Epidemiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tuberculosis and sarcoidosis are inflammatory diseases characterized by granulomas that may occur in any organ but are often found in the lung. The panoply of classical human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles associated with occurrence and\/or severity of both diseases varies considerably across studies. This heterogeneity of results, due to variation in factors like ancestry and disease subphenotype, as well as the use of simple modeling strategies to elucidate likely complex relationships, has made conclusions about underlying commonalities difficult. Here we perform HLA association analyses in individuals of African ancestry, using a greater resolution to include subphenotypes of disease and employing more comprehensive analytical techniques. Using a novel application of nearest\u2010neighbor feature selection to score allelic importance, we investigated HLA allele association with <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> exposure outcomes in the first analysis of both latent <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> infection and active disease compared with those who, despite long\u2010term exposure to active index cases, have neither positive diagnostic tests nor display clinical symptoms. We also compared persistent to resolved sarcoidosis. This led to the identification of novel HLA associations and evidence of main effects and interaction effects. We found strikingly similar main effects and interaction effects at HLA\u2010DRB1, \u2010DQB1, and \u2010DPB1 in those resistant to tuberculosis (either latent or active) and persistent sarcoidosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.22490","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T06:47:21Z","timestamp":1655275641000},"page":"463-474","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Novel HLA associations with outcomes of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i> exposure and sarcoidosis in individuals of African ancestry using nearest\u2010neighbor feature selection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0087-312X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryan A.","family":"Dawkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genes and Human Disease Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation Oklahoma City Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lori","family":"Garman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas","family":"Cejda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genes and Human Disease Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation Oklahoma City Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Pezant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genes and Human Disease Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation Oklahoma City Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7744-2948","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Astrid","family":"Rasmussen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genes and Human Disease Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation Oklahoma City Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3190-3467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin A.","family":"Rybicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences Henry Ford Health System Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albert M.","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences Henry Ford Health System Detroit Michigan USA"},{"name":"Center for Bioinformatics Henry Ford Health System Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Penelope","family":"Benchek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chetan","family":"Seshadri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle Washington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Harriet","family":"Mayanja\u2010Kizza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Makerere University and Mulago Hospital Kampala Uganda"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael C.","family":"Iannuzzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences Henry Ford Health System Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine M.","family":"Stein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Department of Medicine Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Courtney G.","family":"Montgomery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Genes and Human Disease Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation Oklahoma City Oklahoma USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30355-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(99)00142-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0043907"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201511-760OC"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"56","article-title":"Defining the clinical outcome status (COS) in sarcoidosis: Results of WASOG Task Force","volume":"28","author":"Baughman R. 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