{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,28]],"date-time":"2026-06-28T06:27:10Z","timestamp":1782628030143,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735862400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735862400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014810","name":"Fondazione di Sardegna","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014810","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Genetic Epidemiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Biological datasets often consist of thousands or millions of variables, e.g. genetic variants or biomarkers, and when sample sizes are large it is common to find many associated with an outcome of interest, for example, disease risk in a GWAS, at high levels of statistical significance, but with very small effects. The False Discovery Rate (FDR) is used to identify effects of interest based on ranking variables according to their statistical significance. Here, we develop a complementary measure to the FDR, the priorityFDR, that ranks variables by a combination of effect size and significance, allowing further prioritisation among a set of variables that pass a significance or FDR threshold. Applying to the largest GWAS of type 1 diabetes to date (15,573 cases and 158,408 controls), we identified 26 independent genetic associations, including two newly\u2010reported loci, with qualitatively lower priorityFDRs than the remaining 175 signals. We detected putatively causal type 1 diabetes risk genes using Mendelian Randomisation, and found that these were located disproportionately close to low priorityFDR signals (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.005), as were genes in the IL\u20102 pathway (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.003). Selecting variables on both effect size and significance can lead to improved prioritisation for mechanistic follow\u2010up studies from genetic and other large biological datasets.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/gepi.22608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T04:51:29Z","timestamp":1735879889000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Bayesian Effect Size Ranking to Prioritise Genetic Risk Variants in Common Diseases for Follow\u2010Up Studies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"49","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4122-9648","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel J. M.","family":"Crouch","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"JDRF\/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine Centre for Human Genetics, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jamie R. J.","family":"Inshaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JDRF\/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine Centre for Human Genetics, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine C.","family":"Robertson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Public Health Genomics University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Esther","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JDRF\/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine Centre for Human Genetics, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre University of Oxford Oxford UK"},{"name":"Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia\u2010Yuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JDRF\/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine Centre for Human Genetics, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei\u2010Min","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Public Health Genomics University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suna","family":"Onengut\u2010Gumuscu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Public Health Genomics University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antony J.","family":"Cutler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JDRF\/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine Centre for Human Genetics, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Sidore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research in Genetics and Biomedicine (IRGB) Sardinia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Cucca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Research in Genetics and Biomedicine (IRGB) Sardinia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flemming","family":"Pociot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Herlev University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Research Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, Type 1 Diabetes Biology Gentofte Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Concannon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA"},{"name":"Genetics Institute University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3872-7793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen S.","family":"Rich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Public Health Genomics University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA"},{"name":"Department of Public Health Sciences University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John A.","family":"Todd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"JDRF\/Wellcome Diabetes and Inflammation Laboratory, Nuffield Department of Medicine Centre for Human Genetics, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre University of Oxford Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.10.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.381"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1013699998"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.104.036699"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btw018"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.05.038"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.116.193987"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3211"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0579-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/g3journal\/jkaa056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1008855"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03552-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/120022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2005634117"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3656"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.434"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0012646"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781316576533"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btz471"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02606"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1100272"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkaa840"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.34408"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-021-05428-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1529-8817.2005.00156.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-023-00753-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3760"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btq559"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.15697.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp053"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00901-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3245"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/519795"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-39253-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00880-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-1131"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxw041"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.06.17.496443"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002139"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0397-289"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abi8206"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41588-021-00913-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.2213"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05275-y"}],"container-title":["Genetic 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