{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T18:28:49Z","timestamp":1785349729962,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":9,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012226","name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["lzujbky\u20102021\u2010ey13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["lzujbky\u20102021\u2010ey13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012226","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical and Public Health Guidelines"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Importance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Policies on conflicts of interest (COI) and funding are essential to reduce the risk of bias in the guideline development process.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To collate and review the content related to COI and funding policies from guideline development handbooks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study design and setting<\/jats:title><jats:p>We searched PubMed from its inception until September 10, 2021, websites of key guideline development organizations and Google for guideline development manuals that included COI or funding policies, and performed a cross\u2010sectional review.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty\u2010seven guideline development manuals were included. Amongst the 54 handbooks containing a COI policy, all required disclosure of interests. Nineteen (35.2%) manuals defined what constitutes a COI, and 52 (96.3%) specified who should disclose their interests. Thirty\u2010four (63.0%) manuals recommended an assessment of disclosed interests to determine whether a COI existed, and all of these specified who should perform this review. Thirty\u2010five (64.8%) manuals addressed the management of COI, of which 26 (74.3%) indicated who should manage COI and 29 (82.9%) reported specific management measures. Twenty\u2010eight (51.8%) manuals addressed the publication of COI, all recommending that these be publicly accessible. Of the 28 manuals that provided guidance on funding, eight (28.6%) required reporting of funding sources; 14 (50.0%) required that the guideline authors state that the funders' perspectives and interests did not affect the final recommendations; eight (28.6%) specified which kind of funding the guidelines should not accept; and five (17.9%) recommended that the role of funders be restricted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Policies in guideline manuals report a variety of different elements related to COI and funding. However, a considerable part of the policies did not report precisely what constitutes a COI, the key steps for COI management, or address the sources, influence and acceptability of funding.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/gin2.70020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T12:59:26Z","timestamp":1744289966000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A cross\u2010sectional review of policies on conflicts of interest and funding in the development manuals of practice guidelines"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"2","author":[{"given":"Yangqin","family":"Xun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Population Medicine and Public Health Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &amp; Peking Union Medical College Beijing China"},{"name":"Evidence\u2010Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou China"},{"name":"Institute of Global Health University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiangqiang","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Lanzhou University Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zijun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence\u2010Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akihiko","family":"Ozaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Breast and Thyroid Center Jyoban Hospital of Tokiwa Foundation Iwaki City Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (HEI) McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nan","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence\u2010Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yajia","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Lanzhou University Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shouyuan","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Lanzhou University Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengjuan","family":"Ren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Lanzhou University Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence\u2010Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence\u2010Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Lanzhou University Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunlan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health Lanzhou University Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianling","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The First School of Clinical Medicine Lanzhou University Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan L.","family":"Norris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oregon Health &amp; Science University Portland Oregon USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan D.","family":"Florez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Antioquia Medellin Colombia"},{"name":"School of Rehabilitation Science McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Cl\u00ednica Las Americas\u2010AUNA Medellin Colombia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph L.","family":"Mathew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Advanced Pediatrics Centre Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER) Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Myeong Soo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Division Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine Daejeon Korea"},{"name":"Korean Convergence Medicine University of Science and Technology Daejeon Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9841-5233","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaolong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence\u2010Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou China"},{"name":"Institute of Health Data Science Lanzhou University Lanzhou China"},{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Research Unit of Evidence\u2010Based Evaluation and Guidelines, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2021RU017) Lanzhou University Lanzhou China"},{"name":"WHO Collaborating Centre for Guideline Implementation and Knowledge Translation Lanzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janne","family":"Estill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Evidence\u2010Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences Lanzhou University Lanzhou China"},{"name":"Institute of Global Health University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","volume-title":"Institute of Medicine Clinical practice guidelines we can trust","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.2701"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.9672"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)92244-n"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31592-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0895-4356(99)00224-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzr036"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j5158"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.WHO manual for guideline development.2nd.2014 Available athttps:\/\/www.who.int\/publications-detail-redirect\/9789241548960. 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