{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T14:48:23Z","timestamp":1791557303976,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,24]],"date-time":"2002-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1022198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Glia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Acquired resistance to the CNS pathogen <jats:italic>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/jats:italic> is mediated by CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T lymphocytes primed by exposure to antigen in the context of major histocompatibility class II (MHC II) molecules. In mouse brain, parenchymal and perivascular microglial cells may express interferon\u2010\u03b3 (IFN\u2010\u03b3)\u2010inducible MHC class II marker and thus interact with CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells. Primed effector T cells are retained in the infected CNS if antigen is encountered in proper MHC context and may deliver signals that potentiate microglia to enhanced fungistasis. Vaccinated C57BL6\/J mice resist an ordinarily lethal <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic> rechallenge, but identically treated congenic A\u03b2<jats:sup>o\/o<\/jats:sup> mice (MHC class II\u2010deficient; CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T\u2010cell\u2010deficient) do not. Nor can A\u03b2<jats:sup>o\/o<\/jats:sup> mice be adoptively immunized by infusion of lymphocytes from vaccinated C57BL6\/J donors, as are severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice (MHC class II\u2010intact, lymphocyte\u2010deficient). Chimeric (C57BL\/6J:A\u03b2<jats:sup>o\/o<\/jats:sup>) mice with class II expression likely on perivascular microglia only were, like SCID mice, capable of adoptive immunization against <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic> brain infection. To the contrary, chimeric mice with class II expression likely only on parenchymal microglia were not capable of effective adoptive immunization against <jats:italic>C. neoformans<\/jats:italic> brain infection. Therefore, in order to mediate resistance to infection, primed CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells must interact with the replenishable perivascular microglial subset that lies in close proximity to cerebral vasculature. Although T cells may supply help in the form of inflammatory cytokines to parenchymal microglia, expression of class II on these cells appears unnecessary for antifungal activity. GLIA 39:184\u2013188, 2002. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,6]],"date-time":"2002-10-06T12:35:39Z","timestamp":1033907739000},"page":"184-188","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["MHC class II\u2010positive perivascular microglial cells mediate resistance to <i>Cryptococcus neoformans<\/i> brain infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Karen","family":"Aguirre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shannon","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,5,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_3_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-1136(200102)33:2<131::AID-GLIA1012>3.0.CO;2-D"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.65.2.525-530.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_4_1","first-page":"189","article-title":"Role of the capsule in microglial cell\u2010Cryptococcus neoformans interaction: impairment of antifungal activity but not of secretory functions","volume":"36","author":"Barluzzi R","year":"1998","journal-title":"Med Mycol"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-5728(95)00016-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.68.2.456-462.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555818241","volume-title":"C. neoformans","author":"Casadevall AM","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_3_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4309","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.154.9.4309","article-title":"Normal adult ramified microglia separated from other CNS macrophages by flow cytometric sorting. 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