{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:40:23Z","timestamp":1791333623354,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,4]],"date-time":"2002-10-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1033689600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Glia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Alzheimer's disease (AD) and prion disease are characterized neuropathologically by extracellular deposits of A\u03b2 and PrP amyloid fibrils, respectively. In both disorders, these cerebral amyloid deposits are co\u2010localized with a broad variety of inflammation\u2010related proteins (complement factors, acute\u2010phase protein, pro\u2010inflammatory cytokines) and clusters of activated microglia. The present data suggest that the cerebral A\u03b2 and PrP deposits are closely associated with a locally induced, non\u2010immune\u2010mediated chronic inflammatory response. Epidemiological studies indicate that polymorphisms of certain cytokines and acute\u2010phase proteins, which are associated with A\u03b2 plaques, are genetic risk factors for AD. Transgenic mice studies have established the role of amyloid associated acute\u2010phase proteins in Alzheimer amyloid formation. In contrast to AD, there is a lack of evidence that cytokines and acute\u2010phase proteins can influence disease progression in prion disease. Clinicopathological and neuroradiological studies have shown that activation of microglia is a relatively early pathogenetic event that precedes the process of neuropil destruction in AD patients. It has also been found that the onset of microglial activation coincided in mouse models of prion disease with the earliest changes in neuronal morphology, many weeks before neuronal loss and subsequent clinical signs of disease. In the present work, we review the similarities and differences between the involvement of inflammatory mechanisms in AD and prion disease. We also discuss the concept that the demonstration of a chronic inflammatory\u2010like process relatively early in the pathological cascade of both diseases suggests potential therapeutic strategies to prevent or to retard these chronic neurodegenerative disorders. GLIA 40:232\u2013239, 2002. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10146","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,15]],"date-time":"2002-10-15T15:49:00Z","timestamp":1034696940000},"page":"232-239","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":340,"title":["Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease and prion disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"P.","family":"Eikelenboom","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Bate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W.A.","family":"Van Gool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.J.M.","family":"Hoozemans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.M.","family":"Rozemuller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Veerhuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.54.3.588"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(00)00124-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(00)00094-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1197-263"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","unstructured":"BateCAW RutherfordDSWilliamsA.2000.NSAIDs inhibit PrP\u2010induced neurotoxicity in vitro. In: Cambridge Healthtech institute's second annual international symposium: transmissible spongiform encephalopathies Alexandria VA USA. p2."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200108080-00059"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(96)00212-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2990.1999.00153.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.13.1.63"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/380345a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05625-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(96)00108-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-6147(94)90057-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(02)00006-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02893605"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/0022-1317-77-8-1935"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2000.tb04785.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)63270-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-3639.1998.tb00167.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.19.7606"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/302477"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1063093"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004010000251"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2165\/00063030-200115050-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa010178"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","first-page":"370","article-title":"The presence of complements in amyloid plaques of Creutzfeldt\u2010Jakob disease and Gerstman\u2010Straussler\u2010Scheinkel disease","volume":"2","author":"Ishii T","year":"1984","journal-title":"Appl Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2990.2000.00216.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ng0895-486"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(01)00296-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(01)00299-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.1072"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/372092a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.74.7.3338-3344.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)79191-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1997.6740"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04008-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.2.425"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(01)00289-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/374647a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","volume-title":"Le\u00e7ons sur la pathologic compar\u00e9e de l' inflammation","author":"Metchnikoff E","year":"1892"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(200003)47:3<365::AID-ANA13>3.0.CO;2-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-05-01444.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199703240-00020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/249855a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1531-8249(199905)45:5<666::AID-ANA18>3.0.CO;2-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199903170-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(01)00308-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)92724-G"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.21.10016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.10.6421"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.2000.00665.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(89)90547-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00369445"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","unstructured":"SainettiSM IngrimDM TalwalkerS GeisGS.2000.Results of a double\u2010blind randomized placebo\u2010controlled study of celecoxib in the treatment of progression of Alzheimer's disease. In: Sixth international Stockholm\/Springfield symposium on advances in Alzheimer therapy. p180."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/22124"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)00850-0"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1159\/000111000","article-title":"Risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. The EURODEM collaborative re\u2010analysis of case\u2010control studies","volume":"11","author":"Van Duijn CM","year":"1991","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(01)05623-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1996.66062468.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(01)03273-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","article-title":"Amyloid \u03b2 plaque\u2010associated proteins C1q and SAP enhance the A\u03b21\u201042 peptide induced cytokine secretion by adult human microglia in vitro","author":"Veerhuis R","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35102591"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2990.1994.tb00956.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)90480-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00294316"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(97)00067-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1997.6424"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)03148-6"}],"container-title":["Glia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fglia.10146","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/glia.10146","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/glia.10146","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/glia.10146","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,23]],"date-time":"2023-08-23T09:23:33Z","timestamp":1692782613000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/glia.10146"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,4]]},"references-count":68,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/glia.10146"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/glia.10146","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0894-1491","1098-1136"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0894-1491","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-1136","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,4]]}}}