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The majority of studies using OECs to promote regeneration have thus far focused on understanding the cell biology of OECs purified from the olfactory bulb (OB). Here we show that a population of OECs similar to those obtained from the OB is present in the lamina propria (LP) beneath the olfactory epithelium (OE). These OECs are the first glial cells encountered by the axons of developing ORNs as they exit the OE and display distinct and variable expression of p75, S100\u03b2, GFAP, and O4, characteristic markers of bulb OECs. Once purified in vitro, they display Schwann cell\u2010like and astrocyte\u2010like properties and expand rapidly. In addition to resembling OB\u2010OECs, LP\u2010OECs also express a unique combination of developmentally important proteins\u2014CD 44, \u03b21 integrin, P200, Notch 3, NG2, VEGF, and PACAP and CREB binding protein (CBP\/p300)\u2014not previously reported in OB\u2010OECs. These data suggest that LP\u2010OECs, like OB\u2010OECs, are a developmentally distinct class of glia that are capable of both immature and mature function, depending on environmental stimuli, within the adult nervous system. GLIA 41:224\u2013236, 2003. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,15]],"date-time":"2003-01-15T21:03:29Z","timestamp":1042664609000},"page":"224-236","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":164,"title":["Olfactory ensheathing cells of the lamina propria in vivo and in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Edmund","family":"Au","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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