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To identify the factors that control glial cell function following CNS injury, we have focused on the endothelin B receptor (ET<jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>R), which we show is expressed by the majority of astrocytes that are immunoreactive for glial acid fibrillary protein (GFAP) in both the normal and crushed rabbit optic nerve. Optic nerve crush induces a marked increase in ET<jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>R and GFAP immunoreactivity (IR) without inducing a significant increase in the number of GFAP\u2010IR astrocytes, suggesting that the crush\u2010induced astrogliosis is due primarily to astrocyte hypertrophy. To define the role that endothelins play in driving this astrogliosis, artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), ET\u20101 (an ET<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>R and ET<jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>R agonist), or Bosentan (a mixed ET<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>R and ET<jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>R antagonist) were infused via osmotic minipumps into noninjured and crushed optic nerves for 14 days. Infusion of ET\u20101 induced a hypertrophy of ET<jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>R\/GFAP\u2010IR astrocytes in the normal optic nerve, with no additional hypertrophy in the crushed nerve, whereas infusion of Bosentan induced a significant decrease in the hypertrophy of ET<jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>R\/GFAP\u2010IR astrocytes in the crushed but not in the normal optic nerve. These data suggest that pharmacological blockade of astrocyte ET<jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>R receptors following CNS injury modulates glial scar formation and may provide a more permissive substrate for neuronal survival and regeneration. GLIA 41:180\u2013190, 2003. \u00a9 2003 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]],"date-time":"2003-01-01T21:01:03Z","timestamp":1041454863000},"page":"180-190","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Endothelin B receptors are expressed by astrocytes and regulate astrocyte hypertrophy in the normal and injured CNS"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Scott D.","family":"Rogers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher M.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James 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