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The influence of proliferation in closure of the CFA was determined by incorporation of BrdU under 1.5\u2010cm H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O, control pressure (CP), and 10\u2010cm H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O HP with or without 5\u2010fluorouracil. Under control and experimental conditions, closure of the CFA occurred mostly by migration and less by proliferation. Exposure to 10\u2010cm H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O HP induced faster closure of the CFA at 1, 3, and 5 days. The signaling pathways involved in responses to HP were determined using genistein, tyrphostin A25, AG1478, and AG1295, inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinases; wortmannin and LY294002, inhibitors of phosphatidyl inositol 3\u2010kinase (PI\u20103K); and SC58236, an inhibitor of inducible cyclooxygenase\u20102 (COX2). Genistein and tyrphostin A25 blocked HP\u2010induced migration at 1, 3, and 5 days, but did not affect closure of the CFA under CP. AG1478 and AG1295 blocked HP\u2010induced migration and partially inhibit closure of the CFA under CP. LY294002 blocked HP\u2010induced migration. SC58236 markedly inhibited closure of the CFA under CP by inhibiting COX2 activity. Exposure to HP, a physical stress, induced faster closure of the CFA via activation of members of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family and PI\u20103K pathways. Under CP, closure of the CFA in response to denudation, a form of injury, is due to activation of COX2 in ONH astrocytes. \u00a9 2004 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10342","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,2,10]],"date-time":"2004-02-10T09:00:30Z","timestamp":1076403630000},"page":"364-377","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Responses and signaling pathways in human optic nerve head astrocytes exposed to hydrostatic pressure in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"45","author":[{"given":"Mercedes","family":"Salvador\u2010Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shun","family":"Aoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amy","family":"Parker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Pecen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. 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