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The list of candidate toxins includes proteases. Since it is currently not known which, if any, proteases are involved in human microglia neurotoxicity, we studied the effects of a panel of protease inhibitors on the toxicity of cell\u2010free supernatants of stimulated human microglia and THP\u20101 monocytic cells to human SH\u2010SY5Y cells. Five structurally distinct inhibitors that are known to inhibit chymotrypsin\u2010like proteases were partially protective. They included chymostatin, AEBSF (Pefabloc SC), \u03b1\n                    <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010antichymotrypsin, bromoenol lactone, and 3,4\u2010dichloroisocoumarin. The data suggest that certain protease inhibitors could inhibit microglial\u2010mediated toxicity. They might represent a novel class of drugs with benefit in diseases where overactivity of microglia contributes to the pathogenesis. \u00a92005 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20186","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,19]],"date-time":"2005-03-19T05:11:21Z","timestamp":1111209081000},"page":"56-64","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Chymotrypsin\u2010like proteases contribute to human monocytic THP\u20101 cell as well as human microglial neurotoxicity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Andis","family":"Klegeris","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick L.","family":"McGeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.124.1.286","article-title":"Effector mechanisms of cytolytically activated macrophages. 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