{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T21:30:50Z","timestamp":1777498250782,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,12]],"date-time":"2005-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1126483200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Glia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Little is known about the effect of microglial activation on cell death. This study examines the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon\u2010\u03b3 (IFN\u2010\u03b3), triggers of microglial activation, on cell death induced by several agents in cultured rat microglia. For comparison, the effect of LPS on cell death is also examined in cultured astrocytes. LPS or IFN\u2010\u03b3 enhanced cell death induced by thapsigargin or ionomycin, an agent that increases intracellular Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> concentration, although LPS or IFN\u2010\u03b3 alone did not affect cell viability. Thapsigargin or ionomycin induced apoptosis in LPS\u2010untreated microglia, while they induced necrosis in LPS\u2010treated microglia, which were partially reversed by O,O\u2032\u2010bis(2\u2010aminophenyl)ethyleneglycol\u2010N,N,N\u2032,N\u2032\u2010tetraacetic acid tetraacetoxymethyl ester (BAPTA\u2010AM, an intracellular Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> chelator). In contrast, LPS treatment did not affect tunicamycin\u2010 or staurosporine\u2010induced apoptosis, while it inhibited S\u2010nitroso\u2010N\u2010acetylpenicillamine\u2010induced apoptosis. The effect of LPS on thapsigargin or ionomycin\u2010induced apoptosis was not observed in astrocytes. These results indicate that microglial activation sensitizes the cells toward cell death induced by the change in intracellular Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> concentration and shifts the mode of cell death from apoptosis to necrosis. \u00a9 2005 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20260","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,12]],"date-time":"2005-09-12T21:46:55Z","timestamp":1126561615000},"page":"67-73","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Lipopolysaccharide sensitizes microglia toward Ca<sup>2+<\/sup>\u2010induced cell death: Mode of cell death shifts from apoptosis to necrosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"53","author":[{"given":"Takayuki","family":"Nagano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinya H.","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eri","family":"Takai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toshio","family":"Matsuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Motohiko","family":"Takemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.168.1.434"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.1107"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M104700200"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.150.7.2659"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.164.3.1277"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/jpet.102.035048"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00216.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.182.5.1545"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.2004.02511.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjp.0706104"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a002969"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.25.945"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2590","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.160.6.2590","article-title":"A physiologic role of Bcl\u2010xL induced in activated macrophages","volume":"160","author":"Okada S","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(10)80037-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.440010502"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199707070-00030"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.440120410"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.23.13496"}],"container-title":["Glia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/glia.20260","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,12]],"date-time":"2023-10-12T18:24:22Z","timestamp":1697135062000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/glia.20260"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,12]]},"references-count":18,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/glia.20260"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/glia.20260","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0894-1491","1098-1136"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0894-1491","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-1136","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2005,9,12]]}}}