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ANX III is known as a Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010dependent phospholipid\u2010binding protein, but its physiological function is mostly unknown. By in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, we demonstrated that ANX III expression was induced specifically in activated (axotomy\u2010stimulated) microglia after nerve injury. ANX III was the most prominent ANX expressed in microglia of the major ANX family members (ANX I\u2010VI). Hybridization signals for other ANX mRNAs (II, IV, V, and VI) were mainly observed in neuronal cells, and no significant hybridization signal for ANX I mRNA was detected in hypoglossal nuclei. In cultured microglia, ATP treatment induced ANX III translocation to the ruffling membrane where F\u2010actin was accumulated. Further in vitro studies revealed that ANX III was not secreted and had F\u2010actin binding activity in a Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010dependent manner. These results suggest that ANX III may be a Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010dependent mediator between phospholipids and F\u2010actin in microglia stimulated by peripheral nerve injury. \u00a9 2006 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20327","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,2,27]],"date-time":"2006-02-27T22:46:32Z","timestamp":1141080392000},"page":"723-732","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":41,"title":["Annexin III implicated in the microglial response to motor nerve 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