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In this report we describe focal cortical inflammation induced by stereotaxic injection of killed bacteria (BCG), followed 1 month later by subcutaneous injection of the same antigen, a protocol that overcomes the immune privilege of the cortex. Intracerebral BCG injection produced focal microglial activation at the injection site (termed acute lesion). Ten days after peripheral challenge (termed immune\u2010mediated lesion), larger areas and higher densities of activated microglia were found near the injection site. In both paradigms, activated microglia and\/or their processes closely apposed neuronal perikarya and apical dendrites. In the immune\u2010mediated lesions, \u223c45% of the axosomatic synapses was displaced by activated microglia. Upon activation, therefore, cortical microglial migrate to and strip synapses from neuronal perikarya. Since neuronal pathology was not a feature of either the acute or immune\u2010mediated lesion, synaptic stripping by activated microglia may have neuroprotective consequences. \u00a9 2006 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20462","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,29]],"date-time":"2006-11-29T18:42:29Z","timestamp":1164825749000},"page":"360-368","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":302,"title":["Evidence for synaptic stripping by cortical microglia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"Bruce D.","family":"Trapp","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jerome R.","family":"Wujek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerson 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