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OIR was induced in Sprague\u2010Dawley rats by exposure to 80% oxygen from postnatal (P) days 0\u201311, followed by 7 days in room air. Control animals were in room air for the entire duration. One cohort of OIR and control pups received the AT<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010RB valsartan (40 mg\/kg\/day intraperitoneal) from P11 to P18. The vascular response was examined immunocytochemically using retinal wholemounts and vertical sections labeled with endothelial (Isolectin\u2010B4) and pericyte (NG2, desmin) markers. Glial cell changes were assessed by measuring cell numbers and immunoreactivity (S100\u03b2, connexin\u201026, and glial fibrillary acidic protein). OIR resulted in extensive intravitreal neovascularization and under\u2010development of the outer vascular plexus. Pericyte numbers were not significantly affected in OIR, although pericyte\u2010endothelial (desmin\u2010IB4) interactions were impaired. Peripheral astrocyte degeneration occurred between P11 and P13 with prominent M\u00fcller cell reactivity at P18. Valsartan imparted a protective effect on glia and blood vessels in OIR. At P18, valsartan\u2010treated OIR retinae showed significantly greater astrocyte survival, improved revascularization of the retina, and reduced preretinal neovascularization and M\u00fcller cell reactivity. This study identifies a glio\u2010vascular protective effect with AT<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\u2010RB in OIR. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20680","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,28]],"date-time":"2008-04-28T21:17:07Z","timestamp":1209417427000},"page":"1076-1090","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["AT<sub>1<\/sub>receptor inhibition prevents astrocyte degeneration and restores vascular growth in oxygen\u2010induced retinopathy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Laura E.","family":"Downie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael J.","family":"Pianta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Algis J.","family":"Vingrys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer L.","family":"Wilkinson\u2010Berka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica L.","family":"Fletcher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.07-0204"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.52.2.506"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.05-1096"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.125.9.1591"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"1450","article-title":"Renin\u2010containing M\u00fcller cells of the retina display endocrine features","volume":"36","author":"Berka JL","year":"1995","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4835(79)90106-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2741\/Bringman"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-003-1042-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01203341"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0029(19970101)36:1<1::AID-JEMT1>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","first-page":"1201","article-title":"The effect of oxygen on vasoformative cell division. 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