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P2X<jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>receptor (P2X<jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>R) is an ATP\u2010gated ion channel that has unusual properties and plays very complex roles in a variety of neuropathologic conditions. However, little is known about the involvement of P2X<jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>R in OPCs development and injury. The present study was aimed at examining the presence of P2X<jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>R in OPCs and evaluating the change of the receptor expression after hypoxia ischemia. Using Immunofluorescence, RT\u2010PCR, and western blot analysis, we demonstrated that OPCs expressed P2X<jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>R<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. Activation of P2X<jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>R in OPCs in response to 3\u2032\u2010<jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>\u2010(4\u2010benzoyl) benzoyl\u2010ATP (BzATP) led to an increased mobilization of intracellular calcium [Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>]i, formation of large pores and cell death. These functional responses were sensitive to pretreatment of cells with the P2X<jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>R antagonist, Brilliant Blue G (BBG, 100 nM), which was a selective antagonist for P2X<jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>R in nanomole range. A decrease in P2X<jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>R expression was observed in cultured OPCs after exposure to oxygen\u2010glucose deprivation (OGD) for 2 h<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Using a neonatal hypoxic\u2010ischemic injury model in postnatal 3 rats, the similar downregulation was also detected in ischemic cerebral cortex, subcortical white matter and hippocampus compared with sham operation controls. In conclusion, the present data demonstrated that OPCs expressed functional P2X<jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>R. The post\u2010ischemic downregulation of P2X<jats:sub>7<\/jats:sub>R suggested a role for this receptor in the pathophysiology of hypoxic\u2010ischemic brain injury. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20758","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,22]],"date-time":"2008-10-22T20:35:16Z","timestamp":1224707716000},"page":"307-319","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Downregulation of P2X<sub>7<\/sub>receptor expression in rat oligodendrocyte precursor cells after hypoxia 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