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In a screen for genes upregulated after spinal cord injury, we recently identified <jats:italic>ahnak<\/jats:italic> as being highly expressed by non\u2010neuronal cells invading the lesion, delimiting the interior surface of cystic cavities in front of barrier\u2010forming astrocytes. Here, we show for the first time that AHNAK is constitutively expressed in peripheral nervous system, notably by myelinating Schwann cells (SCs), in which we investigated its function. During sciatic nerve development, AHNAK is redistributed from adaxonal toward abaxonal SC compartments in contact with basement membrane. AHNAK labeling on myelinated fibers from adult nerve delineates the so\u2010called \u201cCajal bands,\u201d constituting the residual peripheral SC cytoplasm. Its distribution pattern is complementary to that of periaxin, known to be involved in the myelination process. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>, nonconfluent cultured primary SCs seeded on laminin express high levels of AHNAK concentrated in their processes, whereas at confluence, AHNAK is downregulated together with laminin receptor dystroglycan. AHNAK silencing by siRNA interference affects SC morphology and laminin\u2010substrate attachment, as well as expression and distribution of dystroglycan. Thus, our results clearly show the implication of AHNAK in SC adhesion to laminin, probably via targeting of the dystroglycan\u2010associated receptor complex. These findings are of high interest regarding the importance of SC\u2010basal lamina interactions for myelination and myelin maintenance, and open up new perspectives for investigations of the molecular mechanisms underlying demyelinating neuropathies. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,4]],"date-time":"2008-10-04T02:55:19Z","timestamp":1223088919000},"page":"535-549","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["The giant protein AHNAK involved in morphogenesis and laminin substrate adhesion of myelinating Schwann cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"Claudio","family":"Salim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ysander 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