{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T23:01:25Z","timestamp":1790809285087,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,23]],"date-time":"2009-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1232668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Glia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Large\u2010conductance, voltage\u2010 and Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010activated K<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> channels (MaxiK) are broadly expressed ion channels minimally assembled by four pore\u2010forming \u03b1\u2010subunits (MaxiK\u03b1) and typically observed as plasma membrane proteins in various cell types. In murine astrocyte primary cultures, we show that MaxiK\u03b1 is predominantly confined to the microtubule network. Distinct microtubule distribution of MaxiK\u03b1 was visualized by three independent labeling approaches: (1) MaxiK\u03b1\u2010specific antibodies, (2) expressed EGFP\u2010labeled MaxiK\u03b1, and (3) fluorophore\u2010conjugated iberiotoxin, a specific MaxiK pore\u2010blocker. This MaxiK\u03b1 association with microtubules was further confirmed by <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> His\u2010tag pulldown, co\u2010immunoprecipitation from brain lysates, and microtubule depolymerization experiments. Changes in intracellular Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> elicited by general pharmacological agents, caffeine or thapsigargin, resulted in increased MaxiK\u03b1 labeling at the plasma membrane. More notably, U46619, an analog of thromboxane A2 (TXA2), which triggers Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010release pathways and whose levels increase during cerebral hemorrhage\/trauma, also elicits a similar increase in MaxiK\u03b1 surface labeling. Whole\u2010cell patch clamp recordings of U46619\u2010stimulated cells develop a \u223c3\u2010fold increase in current amplitude indicating that TXA2 stimulation results in the recruitment of additional, functional MaxiK channels to the surface membrane. While microtubules are largely absent in mature astrocytes, immunohistochemistry results in brain slices show that cortical astrocytes in the newborn mouse (P1) exhibit a robust expression of microtubules that significantly colocalize with MaxiK\u03b1. The results of this study provide the novel insight that suggests that Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> released from intracellular stores may play a key role in regulating the traffic of intracellular, microtubule\u2010associated MaxiK\u03b1 stores to the plasma membrane of developing murine astrocytes. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,23]],"date-time":"2009-01-23T19:12:44Z","timestamp":1232737964000},"page":"1280-1295","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Ca<sup>2+<\/sup>\u2010 and thromboxane\u2010dependent distribution of MaxiK channels in cultured astrocytes: From microtubules to the plasma membrane"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"57","author":[{"given":"J. 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