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In this study, we found that triptolide, one of the major active components of the traditional Chinese herb <jats:italic>Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F<\/jats:italic>, inhibited astrogliosis and inflammation and promoted spinal cord repair. Triptolide was shown to prevent astrocytes from reactive activation by blocking the JAK2\/STAT3 pathway <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. Furthermore, astrocytic gliosis and glial scar were greatly reduced in injured spinal cord treated with triptolide. Triptolide treatment was also shown to decrease the ED\u20101 or CD11b\u2010positive inflammatory cells at the lesion site. Using neurofilament staining and anterograde tracing, a significantly greater number of regenerative axons were observed in the triptolide\u2010treated rats. Importantly, behavioral tests revealed that injured rats receiving triptolide had improved functional recovery as assessed by the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan open\u2010field scoring, grid\u2010walk, and foot\u2010print analysis. These results suggested that triptolide promoted axon regeneration and locomotor recovery by attenuating glial scaring and inflammation, and shed light on the potential therapeutic benefit for SCI. \u00a9 2010 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20972","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,12]],"date-time":"2010-02-12T16:58:05Z","timestamp":1265993885000},"page":"901-915","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Triptolide promotes spinal cord repair by inhibiting astrogliosis and inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Zhida","family":"Su","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yimin","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanling","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,2,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.1995.12.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(00)28005-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20511"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10428190109064582"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e31814545dc","article-title":"Effect 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