{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T22:04:11Z","timestamp":1790633051005,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,18]],"date-time":"2012-01-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1326844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Glia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed cell cycle\u2010associated proteins, including cyclins, cyclin\u2010dependent protein kinases (Cdks), and Cdk inhibitors (CdkIs) in the axotomized rat facial nucleus. Immunoblotting revealed that cyclin A and cyclin D are induced 3\u20135 days after transection. The induced cyclin A was immunohistochemically recognized in microglia. Cdk2 and Cdk4 were also detected in the facial nucleus. The CdkI p21 was elevated 5 days after axotomy. Inhibition experiments <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> using a cFms (receptor for macrophage\u2010colony stimulating factor, M\u2010CSF) inhibitor indicated that M\u2010CSF\u2010cFms signaling leads to upregulation of the levels of cyclin A, cyclin D, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and cFms in microglia. The role of cyclin A\/Cdk2 activity in M\u2010CSF\u2010dependent microglial proliferation was ascertained using the specific inhibitor purvalanol A. Experiments using specific mitogen\u2010activated protein kinase inhibitors suggested that c\u2010Jun N\u2010terminal kinase (JNK) is associated with M\u2010CSF\u2010dependent induction of cyclins and PCNA, whereas p38 is associated with cFms induction. Both JNK and p38 were proved to be phosphorylated by stimulation with M\u2010CSF. Our results indicated that cyclin A, cyclin D, Cdk2, Cdk4, and p21 are involved in microglial proliferation in the transected facial nucleus, and that the M\u2010CSF\u2010dependent upregulations of cyclins\/PCNA and cFms in microglia are differentially regulated by JNK and p38. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,18]],"date-time":"2012-01-18T21:22:59Z","timestamp":1326921779000},"page":"570-581","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Role of cell cycle\u2010associated proteins in microglial proliferation in the axotomized rat facial nucleus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Shinichi","family":"Yamamoto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinichi","family":"Kohsaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuyuki","family":"Nakajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.440070117"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.251194298"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/374386a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0502000102"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0962-8924(02)00043-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3053"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_8_1","first-page":"135","article-title":"Microglia 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