{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:18:55Z","timestamp":1791231535375,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,25]],"date-time":"2012-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1327449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Glia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fast synaptic transmission requires a rapid clearance of the released neurotransmitter from the extracellular space. Glial glutamate transporters (excitatory amino acid transporters, EAATs) strongly contribute to glutamate removal. In this work, we investigated the paired\u2010pulse plasticity of synaptically activated, glutamate transporter\u2010mediated currents (STCs) in cortical layer 2\/3 astrocytes. STCs were elicited by local electrical stimulation in layer 4 in the presence of ionotropic glutamate (AMPA and NMDA), GABAA, and GABAB receptor antagonists. In experiments with low [Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>]i (5 mM) intrapipette solution, STCs elicited by paired\u2010pulse stimulation demonstrated paired\u2010pulse facilitation (PPF) at short (&lt;250 ms) interstimulus intervals (ISIs) and paired\u2010pulse depression at longer ISIs. In experiments with close to physiological, high [Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>]i (20 mM) intrapipette solution, PPF of STCs at short ISIs was significantly reduced. In addition, the STC kinetics was slowed in the presence of high [Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>]i. Exogenous GABA increased astrocytic [Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>]i, reduced the mean STC amplitude, decreased PPF at short ISIs, and slowed STC kinetics. All GABA\u2010induced changes were blocked by NO\u2010711 and SNAP\u20105114, GABA transporter (GATs) antagonists. In experiments with the low intrapipette solution, GAT blockade under control conditions decreased PPF at short ISIs both at room and at near physiological temperatures. Dialysis of single astrocyte with low [Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>]i solution increased the amplitude and reduced PPR of evoked field potentials recorded in the vicinity of the astrocyte. We conclude that (1) endogenous GABA via GATs may influence EAAT functioning and (2) astrocytic [Na<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>]i modulates the short\u2010term plasticity of STCs and in turn the efficacy of glutamate removal. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,25]],"date-time":"2012-01-25T20:50:37Z","timestamp":1327524637000},"page":"605-614","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":61,"title":["Intracellular Na<sup>+<\/sup> concentration influences short\u2010term plasticity of glutamate transporter\u2010mediated currents in neocortical astrocytes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Petr","family":"Unichenko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Myakhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergei","family":"Kirischuk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(93)90145-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1991.sp018545"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20248"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20685"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.26.14821"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80420-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-21-06722.1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1460-9568.2000.00269.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.1997.335bk.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)60428-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2000.83.5.2835"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2001.012959","article-title":"Synaptic 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