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To analyze the association between myelin debris levels and inflammatory responses, cortical areas with distinct and sparse myelination were analyzed for micro\u2010 and astrogliosis before and after cuprizone\u2010induced demyelination in mice. In postmortem tissue of MS patients, leucocortical lesions were assessed for the type and level of inflammation in the cortical and white matter regions of the lesion. Furthermore, mice were injected intracerebrally with myelin\u2010enriched debris, and the inflammatory response analyzed in white and grey matter areas. Our studies show that the magnitude of myelin loss positively correlates with microgliosis in the cuprizone model. In MS, the number of MHC class II expressing cells is higher in the white compared with the grey matter part of leucocortical lesions. Finally, direct application of myelin debris into the corpus callosum or cortex of mice induces profound and comparable inflammation in both regions. Our data suggest that myelin debris is an important variable in the inflammatory response during demyelinating events. Whether myelin\u2010driven inflammation affects neuronal integrity remains to be clarified. \u00a9 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,12]],"date-time":"2012-06-12T00:45:20Z","timestamp":1339461920000},"page":"1468-1480","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":148,"title":["Myelin debris regulates inflammatory responses in an experimental demyelination animal model and multiple sclerosis lesions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Tim","family":"Clarner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Diederichs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Berger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"Denecke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"van der Valk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cordian","family":"Beyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Amor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Kipp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20806"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000129544.79539.D5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.64.8.1157"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2010.02.049"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20016"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.64.1.76"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/1352458503ms917oa"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/62.7.723"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2009.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnen\/64.2.147"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-005-5003-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/124.8.1635"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2249.2010.04143.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0173(94)00015-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70191-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12311-009-0099-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2007.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.07.071"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-9255-8-7","article-title":"2011. 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