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The sAPP\u03b1 protein is neurotrophic and neuroprotective and recently showed a correlation to glial differentiation in human neural stem cells (NSCs) via the IL\u20106 pathway. Considering evidence of gliosis in postmortem autistic brains, we hypothesized that subsets of patients with autism would exhibit elevations in CNS sAPP\u03b1 and mice generated to mimic this observation would display markers suggestive of gliosis and autism\u2010like behavior. Elevations in sAPP\u03b1 levels were observed in brains of autistic patients compared to controls. Transgenic mice engineered to overexpress human sAPP\u03b1 (TgsAPP\u03b1 mice) displayed hypoactivity, impaired sociability, increased brain glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression, and altered Notch1 and IL\u20106 levels. NSCs isolated from TgsAPP\u03b1 mice, and those derived from wild\u2010type mice treated with sAPP\u03b1, displayed suppressed \u03b2\u2010tubulin III and elevated GFAP expression. These results suggest that elevations in brain sAPP\u03b1 levels are observed in subsets of individuals with autism and TgsAPP\u03b1 mice display signs suggestive of gliosis and behavioral impairment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22544","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,10]],"date-time":"2013-07-10T07:50:02Z","timestamp":1373442602000},"page":"1556-1569","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["GFAP expression and social deficits in transgenic mice overexpressing human sAPP\u03b1"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"61","author":[{"given":"Antoinette R.","family":"Bailey","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Rashid Laboratory for Developmental Neurobiology Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida Tampa Florida"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences Silver Child Development Center, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida Tampa 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