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Because of their pro\u2010regenerative capacities, these cells are subjects in experimental transplantation\u2010based therapies of spinal cord trauma. The objective of this study was to compare the transcriptomes of uninfected and canine distemper virus\u2010infected OECs, SCs, SG and fibroblasts (FBs) derived from four beagle dogs and cultured under identical conditions <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, employing canine genome 2.0 arrays (Affymetrix). Here, we observed a complete lack of transcriptional differerences between OECs and SG, a high similarity of OECs\/SG to SCs, and a marked difference of SCs and OECs\/SG towards FBs. Differentially expressed genes possibly involved in the maintenance of cell type\u2010specific identity included an up\u2010regulation of <jats:italic>HOXD8<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>HOXC4<\/jats:italic> in SCs, and an up\u2010regulation of <jats:italic>CNTNAP2<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>EFEMP1<\/jats:italic> in OECs\/SG. We identified cell type\u2010specific biomarkers employing supervised clustering with a K\u2010nearest\u2010neighbors algorithm and correlation\u2010based feature selection. Thereby <jats:italic>AQP1<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>SCRG1<\/jats:italic> were predicted to be the most powerful biomarkers distinguishing SCs from OECs\/SG. Immunofluorescence confirmed a higher expression of SCRG1 in OECs and SG, and conversely a higher expression of AQP1 in SCs <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Furthermore, canine and murine olfactory nerves showed SCRG1\u2010positive, AQP1\u2010negative OECs and\/or axons, whereas sciatic nerves displayed multifocal non\u2010myelinated, AQP1\u2010positive, SCRG1\u2010negative cells. Conclusively, OECs\/SG are suggested to be a uniform cell type differing only in the tissue of origin and highly related to SCs. 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