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Its role was investigated by conditionally knocking it out (KO) in myelinating glia <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. TOG KO mice have severe motor deficits that are already apparent at the time of weaning. This phenotype correlates with a paucity of myelin in several CNS regions, the most severe being in the spinal cord. In the TOG KO optic nerve &lt;30% of axons are myelinated. The number of oligodendrocytes in the corpus callosum, cerebellum, and cervical spinal cord is normal. In the absence of TOG, the most patent biochemical change is a large reduction in MBP content, yet normal amounts of MBP transcripts are found in the brain of affected animals. MBP transcripts are largely confined to the cell body of the oligodendrocytes in the TOG KO in contrast to the situation in wild type mice where they are found in the processes of the oligodendrocytes and in the myelin compartment. These findings indicate that MBP gene expression involves a post\u2010transcriptional TOG\u2010dependent step. TOG may be necessary for MBP mRNA assembly into translation permissive granules, and\/or for transport to preferred sites of translation. 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