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Whereas human (Hu)SCs have been examined experimentally in a complete SCI transection paradigm, to date the reported behavior of SCs when transplanted after a clinically relevant contusive SCI has been restricted to the use of rodent SCs. Here, in a xenotransplant, contusive SCI paradigm, the survival, biodistribution, proliferation and tumorgenicity as well as host responses to HuSCs, cultured according to a protocol analogous to that developed for clinical application, were investigated. HuSCs persisted within the contused nude rat spinal cord through 6 months after transplantation (longest time examined), exhibited low cell proliferation, displayed no evidence of tumorigenicity and showed a restricted biodistribution to the lesion. Neuropathological examination of the CNS revealed no adverse effects of HuSCs. Animals exhibiting higher numbers of surviving HuSCs within the lesion showed greater volumes of preserved white matter and host rat SC and astrocyte ingress as well as axon ingrowth and myelination. These results demonstrate the safety of HuSCs when employed in a clinically relevant experimental SCI paradigm. Further, signs of a potentially positive influence of HuSC transplants on host tissue pathology were observed. These findings show that HuSCs exhibit a favorable toxicity profile for up to 6 months after transplantation into the contused rat spinal cord, an important outcome for FDA consideration of their use in human clinical trials.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23161","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,23]],"date-time":"2017-05-23T23:49:50Z","timestamp":1495583390000},"page":"1278-1301","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":51,"title":["Human Schwann cells exhibit long\u2010term cell survival, are not tumorigenic and promote repair when transplanted into the contused spinal cord"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Johana","family":"Bastidas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis The Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida 33136"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gagani","family":"Athauda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Cellular Biology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine Florida International University Miami Florida 33199"},{"name":"The Department of Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine Florida International University Miami Florida 33199"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"De La Cruz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Pathology Laboratory, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center Department of Pathology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel Hill North Carolina 27599"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wai\u2010Man","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis The Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida 33136"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roozbeh","family":"Golshani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis The Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida 33136"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yerko","family":"Berrocal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Cellular Biology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine Florida International University Miami Florida 33199"},{"name":"The Department of Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine Florida International University Miami Florida 33199"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Henao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis The Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida 33136"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anil","family":"Lalwani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis The Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida 33136"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chikato","family":"Mannoji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Orthopedic Surgery Chiba University School of Medicine Chiba Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mazen","family":"Assi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis The Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida 33136"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. Anthony","family":"Otero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis The Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida 33136"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aisha","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis The Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida 33136"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander E.","family":"Marcillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis The Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida 33136"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Norenberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Pathology The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida 33136"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan D.","family":"Levi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis The Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida 33136"},{"name":"The Department of Neurological Surgery The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida 33136"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick M.","family":"Wood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis The Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida 33136"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James D.","family":"Guest","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Miami Project to Cure Paralysis The Department of Neurological Surgery, The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida 33136"},{"name":"The Department of Neurological Surgery The University of Miami Miller School of Medicine Miami Florida 33136"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. 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