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Retinal vascularization is arrested in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), a major cause of bilateral blindness in children. Despite their importance in normal development and ROP, the factors that control vascularization of the retina remain poorly understood. Because astrocytes form a reticular network that appears to provide a substrate for migrating endothelial cells, they have long been proposed to guide angiogenesis. However, whether astrocytes do in fact impose a spatial pattern on developing vessels remains unclear, and how astrocytes themselves are guided is unknown. Here we explore the cellular mechanisms that ensure complete retinal coverage by astrocytes and blood vessels in mouse. We find that migrating astrocytes associate closely with the axons of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), their neighbors in the RNFL. Analysis of\n                    <jats:italic>Robo1; Robo2<\/jats:italic>\n                    mutants, in which RGC axon guidance is disrupted, and\n                    <jats:italic>Math5<\/jats:italic>\n                    (\n                    <jats:italic>Atoh7<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) mutants, which lack RGCs, reveals that RGCs provide directional information to migrating astrocytes that sets them on a centrifugal trajectory. Without this guidance, astrocytes exhibit polarization defects, fail to colonize the peripheral retina, and display abnormal fine\u2010scale spatial patterning. Furthermore, using cell type\u2010specific chemical\u2013genetic tools to selectively ablate astrocytes, we show that the astrocyte template is required for angiogenesis and vessel patterning. Our results are consistent with a model whereby RGC axons guide formation of an astrocytic network that subsequently directs vessel development.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23189","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,19]],"date-time":"2017-07-19T07:58:30Z","timestamp":1500451110000},"page":"1697-1716","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["Astrocytes follow ganglion cell axons to establish an angiogenic template during retinal development"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Matthew L.","family":"O'Sullivan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology Duke University School of Medicine Durham North Carolina 27710"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Duke University School of Medicine Durham North Carolina 27710"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vanessa M.","family":"Pu\u00f1al","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology Duke University School of Medicine Durham North Carolina 27710"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Duke University School of Medicine Durham North Carolina 27710"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick C.","family":"Kerstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University Portland Oregon 97239"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"IV","given":"Joseph A.","family":"Brzezinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University of Colorado Denver Aurora Colorado 80045"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tom","family":"Glaser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cell Biology &amp; Human Anatomy University of California Davis California 95616"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin M.","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vollum Institute, Oregon Health and Science University Portland Oregon 97239"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6145-1604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeremy N.","family":"Kay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology Duke University School of Medicine Durham North Carolina 27710"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Duke University School of Medicine Durham North Carolina 27710"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.125.9.1591"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"817","article-title":"Role of platelet\u2010derived growth factors in mouse development","volume":"39","author":"Betsholtz C.","year":"1995","journal-title":"International Journal of Developmental Biology"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.125.23.4821"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.128.13.2497"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth762"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(00)80263-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-06-02064.1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/1350-9462(94)90015-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20733"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.03-1169"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903030304"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"2148","article-title":"Degeneration of astrocytes in feline retinopathy of prematurity causes failure of the blood\u2010retinal barrier","volume":"33","author":"Chan\u2010Ling T.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.00-0868fje"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.108.3.515"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2008.06.058"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.00515"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.440040508"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.devcel.2012.11.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","first-page":"3500","article-title":"Retinal vascular development is mediated by endothelial filopodia, a preexisting astrocytic template and specific R\u2010cadherin adhesion","volume":"43","author":"Dorrell M. 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