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Rhythmic firing depends on astrocytic coupling which in turn depends on S100\u03b2. In many nervous functions that rely on the ability of neuronal networks to generate a rhythmic pattern of activity, coordination of firing is an essential feature. Astrocytes play an important role in some of these networks, but the contribution of astrocytic coupling remains poorly defined. Here we investigate the modulation and organization of astrocytic networks in the dorsal part of the trigeminal main sensory nucleus (NVsnpr), which forms part of the network generating chewing movements. Using whole\u2010cell recordings and the dye coupling approach by filling a single astrocyte with biocytin to reveal astrocytic networks, we showed that coupling is limited under resting conditions, but increases importantly under conditions that induce rhythmic firing in NVsnpr neurons. These are: repetitive electrical stimulation of the sensory inputs to the nucleus, local application of NMDA and decrease of extracellular Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>. We have previously shown that rhythmic firing induced in NVsnpr neurons by these stimuli depends on astrocytes and their Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\u2010binding protein S100\u03b2. Here we show that extracellular blockade of S100\u03b2 also prevents the increase in astrocytic coupling induced by local application of NMDA. Most of the networks were small and remained confined to the functionally distinct area of dorsal NVsnpr. Disrupting coupling by perfusion with the nonspecific gap junction blocker, carbenoxolone or with GAP26, a selective inhibitor of connexin 43, mostly expressed in astrocytes, abolished NMDA\u2010induced rhythmic firing in NVsnpr neurons. These results suggest that astrocytic coupling is regulated by sensory inputs, necessary for neuronal bursting, and organized in a region specific manner.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,23]],"date-time":"2017-10-23T10:12:37Z","timestamp":1508753557000},"page":"311-326","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Functional rhythmogenic domains defined by astrocytic networks in the trigeminal main sensory nucleus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3538-9899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven","family":"Condamine","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Groupe de Recherche sur le Syst\u00e8me Nerveux Central, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre\u2010ville Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec H3C 3J7 Canada"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Neurosciences Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Pavillon Paul\u2010G.Desmarais, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre\u2010ville Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec H3C 3J7 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rapha\u00ebl","family":"Lavoie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 boulevard LaSalle Montreal Qu\u00e9bec H4H 1R3 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorly","family":"Verdier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groupe de Recherche sur le Syst\u00e8me Nerveux Central, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre\u2010ville Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec H3C 3J7 Canada"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Neurosciences Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Pavillon Paul\u2010G.Desmarais, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre\u2010ville Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec H3C 3J7 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arlette","family":"Kolta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Groupe de Recherche sur le Syst\u00e8me Nerveux Central, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre\u2010ville Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec H3C 3J7 Canada"},{"name":"D\u00e9partement de Neurosciences Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, Pavillon Paul\u2010G.Desmarais, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre\u2010ville Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec H3C 3J7 Canada"},{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de M\u00e9decine Dentaire, Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre\u2010ville Montr\u00e9al Qu\u00e9bec H3C 3J7 Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuint.2008.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.7.4158"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplung.2000.279.4.L623"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2001.86.5.2583"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.01.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.00352.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scisignal.aad3066","article-title":"Astroglial networks promote neuronal coordination","volume":"9","author":"Chever O.","year":"2016","journal-title":"Science Signaling"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2683978"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1434298100"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.18-12-04425.1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6635","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-17-06635.2001","article-title":"Calmodulin kinase pathway mediates the K+\u2010induced increase in Gap junctional communication between mouse spinal cord astrocytes","volume":"21","author":"Pina\u2010Benabou M. 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