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Blood\u2013brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction was evident by leakage of the tracer sodium fluorescein, along with reduced expression of claudin\u20105 by endothelial cells and desmin by pericytes. Immunohistological and ultrastructural analyses revealed detachment of the astroglial cell bodies from the blood vessels and loss of their connections with both the blood vessels and the neuronal synapses. Furthermore, examination of individual astrocytic processes at cortical layer IV, where well\u2010defined neuronal columns (barrels) are linked to functional properties, revealed loss of astrocytic confinement to the functional neuronal boundaries. Thus, in contrast to the highly modulated patches of astrocyte processes in na\u00efve mice overlapping the barrel cores, in EAE\u2010mice process distribution was uniform ignoring the barrel boundaries. These aberrations are attributed to the surrounding inflammation, indicated by T\u2010cells presence in the cortex as well as in the subcortical white matter and the meninges. Immunomodulatory treatment with glatiramer acetate partially abrogated the neurovascular damage. These combined findings indicate that under inflammatory conditions, activated perivascular astrocytes fail in neuro\u2010hemodynamic coupling, resulting in obstructed cross\u2010talk between the blood vessels and the neurons. We propose that loss of cortical astrocytic regulation and fine\u2010tuning between the blood supply and the neuronal needs contributes to the neurological impairment and cognitive decline occurring in EAE\/MS as well as to the disease progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,9]],"date-time":"2018-02-09T07:04:18Z","timestamp":1518159858000},"page":"1098-1117","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["<scp>A<\/scp>strocyte disruption of neurovascular communication is linked to cortical damage in an animal model of multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Raya","family":"Eilam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Resources The Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot 761001 Israel"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Menahem","family":"Segal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology 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