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The underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, we report that OECs in the olfactory nerve layer express <jats:italic>Frzb<\/jats:italic>\u2014encoding a secreted Wnt inhibitor with roles in axon targeting and basement membrane breakdown\u2014from embryonic day (E)12.5, when GnRH neurons first enter the forebrain, until E16.5, the latest stage examined. The highest levels of <jats:italic>Frzb<\/jats:italic> expression are seen in OECs in the inner olfactory nerve layer, abutting the embryonic olfactory bulb. We find that <jats:italic>Sox10<\/jats:italic> is required for <jats:italic>Frzb<\/jats:italic> expression in OECs, suggesting that loss of Frzb could explain the olfactory axon targeting and\/or GnRH neuron migration defects seen in <jats:italic>Sox10<\/jats:italic>\u2010null mice. At E16.5, <jats:italic>Frzb<\/jats:italic>\u2010null embryos show significant reductions in both the volume of the olfactory nerve layer expressing the maturation marker Omp and the number of Omp\u2010positive olfactory receptor neurons in the olfactory epithelium. As Omp upregulation correlates with synapse formation, this suggests that <jats:italic>Frzb<\/jats:italic> deletion indeed disrupts olfactory axon targeting. In contrast, GnRH neuron entry into the forebrain is not significantly affected. Hence, loss of Frzb may contribute to the olfactory axon targeting phenotype, but not the GnRH neuron phenotype, of <jats:italic>Sox10<\/jats:italic>\u2010null mice. Overall, our results suggest that Frzb secreted from OECs in the olfactory nerve layer is important for olfactory axon targeting.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,26]],"date-time":"2018-09-26T15:52:08Z","timestamp":1537977128000},"page":"2617-2631","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Olfactory ensheathing cells abutting the embryonic olfactory bulb express <i>Frzb<\/i>, whose deletion disrupts olfactory axon targeting"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Constance A.","family":"Rich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience University of Cambridge  Cambridge United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Surangi N.","family":"Perera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience University of Cambridge  Cambridge United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Andratschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy Ulm University  Ulm Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C. 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