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Emerging evidence suggests that neuroinflammation is a key player in various neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases and CNS injury. Neuroinflammation is a complex and well\u2010orchestrated process by various groups of glial cells in CNS and peripheral immune cells. The cross\u2010talks between various groups of glial cells in CNS neuroinflammation is an extremely complex and dynamic process which resembles a well\u2010orchestrated symphony. However, the understanding of how glial cells interact with each other to shape the distinctive immune responses of the CNS remains limited. In this review, we will discuss the joint actions of glial cells in three phases of neuroinflammation, including initiation, progression, and prognosis, the three movements of the symphony, as the role of each type of glial cells in neuroinflammation depends on the nature of inflammatory cues and specific course of diseases. This perspective of glial cells in neuroinflammation might provide helpful clues to the development of the early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention of the various CNS diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,12]],"date-time":"2018-12-12T03:49:45Z","timestamp":1544586585000},"page":"1017-1035","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":468,"title":["Neuroinflammation in the central nervous system: Symphony of glial cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3925-3091","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiao\u2010qiao","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Shanghai China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1844-9178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia\u2010wei","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience, State Key Laboratory of Neuroscience, CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences  Shanghai China"},{"name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences   Shanghai 200031 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2012.00139"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1227901"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2014.11.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.1106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20121"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature17623"},{"issue":"12","key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","first-page":"2198","article-title":"Macrophage\u2010derived osteopontin induces reactive astrocyte polarization and promotes re\u2010establishment of the blood brain barrier after ischemic stroke","volume":"63","author":"Angeria M.","year":"2015","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1993.tb23033.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10124"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12264-013-1321-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.wco.0000227032.47458.cb"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00011-015-0874-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-016-9880-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.08.042"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.11.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/89490"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"130","article-title":"Delayed inflammatory mRNA and protein expression after spinal cord injury","volume":"8","author":"Byrnes K. 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