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Here, we have used a new approach based on selective expression of melanopsin, a G\u2010protein\u2010coupled photopigment, in astrocytes to trigger Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> signaling. Using the genetically encoded Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> indicator GCaMP6f and two\u2010photon imaging, we show that melanopsin is both competent to stimulate robust IP3\u2010dependent Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> signals in astrocyte fine processes, and to evoke an ATP\/Adenosine\u2010dependent transient boost of hippocampal excitatory synaptic transmission. Additionally, under low\u2010frequency light stimulation conditions, melanopsin\u2010transfected astrocytes can trigger long\u2010term synaptic changes. In vivo, melanopsin\u2010astrocyte activation enhances episodic\u2010like memory, suggesting melanopsin as an optical tool that could recapitulate the wide range of regulatory actions of astrocytes on neuronal networks in behaving animals. These results describe a novel approach using melanopsin as a precise trigger for astrocytes that mimics their endogenous G\u2010protein signaling pathways, and present melanopsin as a valuable optical tool for neuron\u2013glia studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23580","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,11]],"date-time":"2019-01-11T12:51:47Z","timestamp":1547211107000},"page":"915-934","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["Melanopsin for precise optogenetic activation of astrocyte\u2010neuron networks"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Mederos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Functional and Systems Neurobiology Instituto Cajal, CSIC  Madrid 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