{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,8]],"date-time":"2026-02-08T11:02:06Z","timestamp":1770548526320,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,26]],"date-time":"2018-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1545782400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1069979"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1069979"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001061","name":"Rebecca L. Cooper Medical Research Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10470"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10470"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Glia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The central nervous system (CNS) is considered to be immune privileged, owing in part to the absence of major histocompatibility (MHC) class II<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> cells in the healthy brain parenchyma. However, systemic inflammation can activate microglia to express MHC class II, suggesting that systemic inflammation may be sufficient to mature microglia into functional antigen presenting cells (APCs). We examined the effects of systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS)\u2010induced inflammation on the phenotype and function of putative APCs within the mouse brain parenchyma, as well as its supporting tissues\u2014the choroid plexus and meninges. Microglia isolated from different regions of the brain demonstrated significant heterogeneity in their ability to present antigen to na\u00efve OT\u2010II CD4<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> T cells following exposure to systemic LPS. Olfactory bulb microglia (but not cortical microglia) intimately interacted with T cells in vivo and stimulated T cell proliferation in vitro, albeit in the absence of co\u2010stimulation. In contrast, myeloid cells within the choroid plexus and meninges were immunogenic and upregulated the co\u2010stimulatory molecule CD80 following systemic inflammation. Dural APCs, which clustered around LYVE\u20101<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> lymphatics, were more efficient at stimulating na\u00efve T cell proliferation than choroid plexus APCs, suggesting that the dura may be an under\u2010appreciated site for immune interactions. This study has highlighted the functional diversity of myeloid cells within the sub\u2010compartments of the CNS and its supporting tissues. Furthermore, these findings demonstrate that systemic inflammation can mature selected microglia populations and choroid plexus\/meningeal myeloid cells into functional APCs, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23581","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,26]],"date-time":"2018-12-26T10:29:37Z","timestamp":1545820177000},"page":"935-949","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Regional and functional heterogeneity of antigen presenting cells in the mouse brain and meninges"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5119-1711","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samantha J.","family":"Dando","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University  Clayton Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Renee","family":"Kazanis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University  Clayton Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Holly R.","family":"Chinnery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences The University of Melbourne  Parkville Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul G.","family":"McMenamin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University  Clayton Victoria Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20102657"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20142290"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1440-1711.1998.00709.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08478"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3182a4a577"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.2011.01011.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-015-0520-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3585"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-11-132"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/42030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.180.9.5779"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0b013e3181edbc1a"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2017.05.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1203941109"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00118-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3871"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3666"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1194637"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.3423"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858414530512"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0911509106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.4222"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199205000-00009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490220114"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2018.00110"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2013.00082"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3318"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21379"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1301738"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2016.144"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2015.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI90603"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14432"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1136(20000201)29:3<273::AID-GLIA8>3.0.CO;2-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19990322)405:4<553::AID-CNE8>3.0.CO;2-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0201375"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-10-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","article-title":"Microglial Sholl analysis","author":"Norris G.","year":"2014","journal-title":"Protocol Exchange"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep20636"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.201591488"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00281-013-0382-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20467"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.1716"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16939"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(82)90120-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4158-11.2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2016.03.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1074-7613(01)00148-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1010201107"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-11-57"}],"container-title":["Glia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fglia.23581","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/glia.23581","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/glia.23581","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/glia.23581","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,11]],"date-time":"2023-09-11T09:27:48Z","timestamp":1694424468000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/glia.23581"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,26]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/glia.23581"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/glia.23581","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0894-1491","1098-1136"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0894-1491","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-1136","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-04-02","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-11-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-12-26","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}