{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T09:20:08Z","timestamp":1792660808138,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]],"date-time":"2019-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1550793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Glia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Microglia are the resident tissue macrophages of the central nervous system including the retina. Under pathophysiological conditions, microglia can signal to M\u00fcller cells, the major glial component of the retina, affecting their morphological, molecular, and functional responses. Microglia\u2013M\u00fcller cell interactions appear to be bidirectional shaping the overall injury response in the retina. Hence, microglia and M\u00fcller cell responses to disease and injury have been ascribed both positive and negative outcomes. However, M\u00fcller cell reactivity and survival in the absence of immune cells after injury have not been investigated in detail in adult zebrafish. Here, we develop a model of focal retinal injury combined with pharmacological treatments for immune cell depletion in zebrafish. The retinal injury was induced by a diode laser to damage photoreceptors. Two pharmacological treatments were used to deplete either macrophage\u2013microglia (PLX3397) or selectively eliminate peripheral macrophages (clodronate liposomes). We show that PLX3397 treatment hinders retinal regeneration in zebrafish, which is reversed by microglial repopulation. On the other hand, selective macrophage elimination did not affect the kinetics of retinal regeneration. The absence of retinal microglia and macrophages leads to dysregulated M\u00fcller cell behavior. In the untreated fish, M\u00fcller cells react after injury induction showing glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Phospho\u2010p44\/42 MAPK (Erk1\/2), and PCNA upregulation. However, in the immunosuppressed animals, GFAP and phospho\u2010p44\/42 MAPK (Erk1\/2) expression was not upregulated overtime and the reentry in the cell cycle was not affected. Thus, microglia and M\u00fcller cell signaling is pivotal to unlock the regenerative potential of M\u00fcller cells in order to repair the damaged retina.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]],"date-time":"2019-02-22T15:27:55Z","timestamp":1550849275000},"page":"1150-1166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":97,"title":["Retinal microglia signaling affects M\u00fcller cell behavior in the zebrafish following laser injury induction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"67","author":[{"given":"Federica Maria","family":"Conedera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of BioMedical Research University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana Maria Quintela","family":"Pousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of BioMedical Research University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nadia","family":"Mercader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Anatomy University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Tschopp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Cantonal Hospital Aarau  Aarau Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4384-4855","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Volker","family":"Enzmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology University Hospital of Bern, University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of BioMedical Research University of Bern  Bern Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2011.09.062"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","first-page":"e4196","article-title":"Regular care and maintenance of a zebra fish (Danio rerio) laboratory: An introduction","volume":"69","author":"Avdesh A.","year":"2012","journal-title":"Journal of Visualized Experiments"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.preteyeres.2006.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/ocii.10.1.27.10328"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","first-page":"e56249","article-title":"Muller glia cell activation in a laser\u2010induced retinal degeneration and regeneration model in zebra fish","volume":"128","author":"Conedera F. 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