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Although pro\u2010inflammatory factors that promote astrocyte\u2010mediated neurotoxicity have been shown to be secreted by reactive microglia, anti\u2010inflammatory factors that suppress astrocyte activation are not well\u2010characterized. Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs), glial cells that wrap axons of olfactory sensory neurons, have been shown to moderate astrocyte reactivity, creating an environment conducive to regeneration. Similarly, astrocytes cultured in medium conditioned by cultured OECs (OEC\u2010CM) show reduced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa\u2010B (NF\u03baB), a pro\u2010inflammatory protein that induces neurotoxic reactivity in astrocytes. In this study, we screened primary and immortalized OEC lines to identify these factors and discovered that Alpha B\u2010crystallin (CryAB), an anti\u2010inflammatory protein, is secreted by OECs via exosomes, coordinating an intercellular immune response. Our results showed that: (a) OEC exosomes block nuclear NF\u03baB translocation in astrocytes while exosomes from CryAB\u2010null OECs could not; (b) OEC exosomes could be taken up by astrocytes, and (c) CryAB treatment suppressed neurotoxicity\u2010associated astrocyte transcripts. Our results indicate CryAB, as well as other factors secreted by OECs, are potential agents that can ameliorate, or even reverse, the growth\u2010inhibitory environment created by neurotoxic reactive astrocytes following CNS injuries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23946","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,12]],"date-time":"2020-12-12T10:43:45Z","timestamp":1607769825000},"page":"1022-1036","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Novel factor in olfactory ensheathing\n                    <scp>cell\u2010astrocyte<\/scp>\n                    crosstalk:\n                    <scp>Anti\u2010inflammatory<\/scp>\n                    protein\n                    <scp>\u03b1\u2010crystallin<\/scp>\n                    B"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"69","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9087-8030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aybike","family":"Saglam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular &amp; Developmental Neurobiology Section NINDS, NIH  Bethesda Maryland USA"},{"name":"Program in Neuroscience &amp; Cognitive Science University of Maryland  College Park Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne L.","family":"Calof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy &amp; Neurobiology and the Center for Complex Biological Systems University of California  Irvine California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7670-3915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan","family":"Wray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular &amp; Developmental Neurobiology Section NINDS, NIH  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23566"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1107368108"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.10160"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.23744"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"2924","article-title":"B\u2010Crystallin in lens development and muscle integrity: A gene knockout approach","volume":"42","author":"Brady J. 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