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Approximately 95% of peripheral AN fibers are myelinated by glial cells. The integrity of myelin and the glial\u2010associated paranodal structures at the node of Ranvier is critical for normal AN activity and axonal survival and function in the central auditory nervous system. However, little is known about the node of Ranvier's spatiotemporal development in the AN, how the aging process (or injury) affects the activity of myelinating glial cells, and how downstream alterations in myelin and paranodal structure contribute to AN degeneration and sensorineural hearing loss. Here, we characterized two types of Ranvier nodes\u2014the axonal node and the ganglion node\u2014in the mouse peripheral AN, and found that they are distinct in several features of postnatal myelination and age\u2010related degeneration. Cellular, molecular, and structure\u2013function correlations revealed that the two node types are each critical for different aspects of peripheral AN function. Neural processing speed and synchrony is associated with the length of the axonal node, while stimulus level\u2010dependent amplitude growth and action potentials are associated with the ganglion node. Moreover, our data indicate that dysregulation of glial cells (e.g., satellite cells) and degeneration of the ganglion node structure are an important new mechanism of age\u2010related hearing loss.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24138","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,29]],"date-time":"2021-12-29T08:20:16Z","timestamp":1640766016000},"page":"768-791","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Two distinct types of nodes of Ranvier support auditory nerve function in the mouse cochlea"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"70","author":[{"given":"Clarisse H.","family":"Panganiban","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Medical University of South Carolina  Charleston South Carolina USA"},{"name":"Wolfson Centre for Age\u2010Related Diseases King's College London  London 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