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These cascades may exacerbate TBI\u2010induced tissue damage and symptoms in the months to years post\u2010injury. However, the progression of the microglial function across time post\u2010injury and whether this differs between biological sexes is not well understood. In this study, we examined the microglial proteome at 3\u2010, 7\u2010, or 28\u2010days after a midline fluid percussion injury (mFPI) in male and female mice using label\u2010free quantitative proteomics. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD033628. We identified a reduction in microglial proteins involved with clearance of neuronal debris via phagocytosis at 3\u2010 and 7\u2010days post\u2010injury. At 28\u2009days post\u2010injury, pro\u2010inflammatory proteins were decreased and anti\u2010inflammatory proteins were increased in microglia. These results indicate a reduction in microglial clearance of neuronal debris in the days post\u2010injury with a shift to anti\u2010inflammatory function by 28\u2009days following TBI. The changes in the microglial proteome that occurred across time post\u2010injury did not differ between biological sexes. However, we did identify an increase in microglial proteins related to pro\u2010inflammation and phagocytosis as well as insulin and estrogen signaling in males compared with female mice that occurred with or without a brain injury. Although the microglial response was similar between males and females up to 28\u2009days following TBI, biological sex differences in the microglial proteome, regardless of TBI, has implications for the efficacy of treatment strategies targeting the microglial response post\u2010injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24313","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,5]],"date-time":"2022-12-05T06:43:34Z","timestamp":1670222614000},"page":"880-903","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Temporal changes in the microglial proteome of male and female mice after a diffuse brain injury using label\u2010free quantitative proteomics"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Yasmine V.","family":"Doust","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, College of Health and Medicine University of Tasmania  Hobart Tasmania 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