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We also detected new myelin formation over 2\u2009months post\u2010injury (mpi). Our current work significantly extends these results, including quantification of new myelin through 6\u2009mpi and concomitant examination of indices of demyelination. We also examined electrophysiological changes during peak oligogenesis and a potential mechanism driving OL progenitor cell (OPC) contact with axons. Results reveal peak in remyelination occurs during the 3rd mpi, and that myelin generation continues for at least 6\u2009mpi. Further, motor evoked potentials significantly increased during peak remyelination, suggesting enhanced axon potential conduction. Interestingly, two indices of demyelination, nodal protein spreading and Nav1.2 upregulation, were also present chronically after SCI. Nav1.2 was expressed through 10\u2009wpi and nodal protein disorganization was detectable throughout 6 mpi suggesting chronic demyelination, which was confirmed with EM. Thus, demyelination may continue chronically, which could trigger the long\u2010term remyelination response. To examine a potential mechanism that may initiate post\u2010injury myelination, we show that OPC processes contact glutamatergic axons in the injured spinal cord in an activity\u2010dependent manner. Notably, these OPC\/axon contacts were increased 2\u2010fold when axons were activated chemogenetically, revealing a potential therapeutic target to enhance post\u2010SCI myelin repair. Collectively, results show the surprisingly dynamic nature of the injured spinal cord over time and that the tissue may be amenable to treatments targeting chronic demyelination.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,20]],"date-time":"2023-05-20T07:05:45Z","timestamp":1684566345000},"page":"2096-2116","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Chronic demyelination and myelin repair after spinal cord injury in mice: A potential link for glutamatergic axon activity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Nicole","family":"Pukos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Graduate Program Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio USA"},{"name":"Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0381-4109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina M.","family":"Marion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belford Center for Spinal Cord Injury Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio USA"},{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine Ohio State University  Columbus Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. 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