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It is a causative factor for severe microcephaly, small somatic size, and neonatal death. Here, we evaluated the effects of Zfp335 in the adult mouse brain after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. We used wild\u2010type (WT) and Zfp335 knock\u2010down (Zfp335<jats:sup>+\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>) mice with LPS administered in the intracerebral ventricle in vivo and cultured microglia treated with LPS in vitro. The impact of Zfp335 was evaluated by RT\u2010PCR, RNA\u2010sequencing, western blotting, immunocytochemistry, ELISA, and the memory behavior tests. Knockdown of Zfp335 expression ameliorated microglia activation significantly, including reduced mRNA and protein expression of Iba1, reduced numbers of microglia, reduced cell diameter, and increased branch length, in the brains of 2\u2010month\u2010old mice after LPS treatment. Zfp335 was expressed in microglia and neurons, but increased in microglia, not neurons, in the brain of mice after LPS administration. LPS\u2010induced microglia\u2010mediated neurodegeneration was dependent upon microglial Zfp335 controlled by nuclear factor\u2010kappa B. Microglial Zfp335 affected neuronal activity through transcriptional regulation of lymphocyte antigen\u20106M (Ly6M). Our data suggest that Zfp335 is a key transcription factor that exacerbates microglia\u2010mediated neurodegeneration through upregulation of Ly6M expression. Inhibition of microglial Zfp335 may be a new strategy for preventing brain disease induced by microglia activation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24447","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,31]],"date-time":"2023-07-31T08:52:37Z","timestamp":1690793557000},"page":"2720-2734","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Zinc finger protein 335 mediates lipopolysaccharide\u2010induced neurodegeneration and memory loss as a transcriptional factor in microglia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"71","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Kong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science Beijing Institute of Technology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science Beijing Institute of Technology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaokang","family":"Shang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science Beijing Institute of Technology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoshinori","family":"Hayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Nihon University School of Dentistry  Chiyoda\u2010ku Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Lan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School of Life Science Beijing Institute of Technology  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"family":"Narengaowa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Biotherapy, School 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