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As the most common form of stroke, occlusion of cerebral arteries leads to a characteristic sequence of pathophysiological changes in the brain tissue. The mechanisms involved, and comorbidities that determine outcome after an ischemic event appear\u00a0to be highly heterogeneous. On their own, the processes leading to neuronal injury in the absence of sufficient blood supply to meet the metabolic demand of the cells are complex and manifest at different temporal and spatial scales. While the contribution of non\u2010neuronal cells to stroke pathophysiology is increasingly recognized, recent data show that microglia, the main immune cells of the central nervous system parenchyma, play previously unrecognized roles in basic physiological processes beyond their inflammatory functions, which markedly change during ischemic conditions. In this review, we aim to discuss some of the known microglia\u2013neuron\u2013vascular interactions assumed to contribute to the acute and delayed pathologies after cerebral ischemia. Because the mechanisms of neuronal injury have been extensively discussed in several excellent previous reviews, here we focus on some recently explored pathways that may directly or indirectly shape neuronal injury through microglia\u2010related actions. These discoveries suggest that modulating gliovascular processes in different forms of stroke and other neurological disorders might have presently unexplored therapeutic potential in combination with neuroprotective and flow restoration strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]],"date-time":"2023-11-15T20:49:43Z","timestamp":1700081383000},"page":"833-856","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Microglia\u2013neuron\u2013vascular interactions in ischemia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7456-949X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolett","family":"L\u00e9n\u00e1rt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Momentum Laboratory of Neuroimmunology Institute of Experimental Medicine  Budapest 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