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In contrast, retinal astrocytes are not well understood and remain incompletely characterized. Along with optic nerve astrocytes, they are responsible for supporting retinal ganglion cell axons and an improved understanding of their role is required. We have used a combination of microdissection and Ribotag immunoprecipitation to isolate ribosome\u2010associated mRNA from retinal astrocytes and investigate their transcriptome, which we also compared to astrocyte populations in the optic nerve. Astrocytes from these regions are transcriptionally distinct, and we identified retina\u2010specific astrocyte genes and pathways. Moreover, although they share much of the \u201cclassical\u201d gene expression patterns of astrocytes, we uncovered unexpected variation, including in genes related to core astrocyte functions. We additionally identified the transcription factor Pax8 as a highly specific marker of retinal astrocytes and demonstrated that these astrocytes populate not only the retinal surface, but also the prelaminar region at the optic nerve head. These findings are likely to contribute to a revised understanding of the role of astrocytes in the retina.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24571","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,24]],"date-time":"2024-05-24T12:00:53Z","timestamp":1716552053000},"page":"1604-1628","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Transcriptional profiling of retinal astrocytes identifies a specific marker and points to functional specialization"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"72","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8173-7669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul F.","family":"Cullen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9638-1220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William J.","family":"Gammerdinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics Harvard T.H. 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