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However, it is not presently known how these translate into morphological features that would reflect microglia interaction with amyloid plaques. With optimized conditions for confocal microscopy in amyloid plaque forming APP\/PS1 transgenic mice we reveal new details of how microglia processes interact with amyloid plaques. The microglia contacts differed drastically between purely diffuse plaque and those with a fibrillar core. We identified microglia that extend their enlarged processes through the diffuse shell of the amyloid plaques and cover the fibrillar plaque core with snowplow\u2010like expanded end\u2010feet. These end\u2010feet were filled with the lysosomal marker CD68, while both non\u2010fibrillar and fibrillar amyloid was found in perinuclear vesicles of some \u201csnowplower\u201d microglia. In the organized dense\u2010core plaques, we consistently saw a layer of Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) between the fibrillar core and the microglial end\u2010feet. ApoE covered also loose fibrillar amyloid and diffuse amyloid plaques that were about 10\u2009\u03bcm or larger in diameter. These findings are compatible with both amyloid plaque phagocytosis and compaction by microglia. Further, they support a chemotactic role of ApoE for microglia contacts with amyloid plaques.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.24628","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]],"date-time":"2024-10-22T09:35:08Z","timestamp":1729589708000},"page":"196-209","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Three\u2010dimensional view of microglia\u2014amyloid plaque interactions"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Gotkiewicz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Eastern Finland A.I. 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