{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:36:51Z","timestamp":1791279411126,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,12]],"date-time":"2004-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3786,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Glia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    GABA receptors are distributed widely throughout the central nervous system on a variety of cell types. It has become increasingly clear that astrocytes, both in cell culture and tissue slices, express abundant GABA\n                    <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptors. In astrocytes, GABA activates Cl\n                    <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u2010specific channels that are modulated by barbiturates and benzodiazepines; however, the neuronal inverse agonist methyl\u20104\u2010ethyl\u20106, 7\u2010dimethoxy\u2010\u03b2\u2010carboline\u20103\u2010car\u2010boxylate enhances the current in a subpopulation of astrocytes. The properties of astrocytic GABA\n                    <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptors, therefore, are remarkably similar to their neuronal counterparts, with only a few pharmacological exceptions. In stellate glial cells of the pituitary pars intermedia, GABA released from neuronal terminals activates postsynaptic potentials directly. The physiological significance of astrocytic GABA\n                    <jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u2010receptor activation remains unknown, but it may be involved in extracellular ion homeostasis and pH regulation. At present, there is considerably less evidence for the presence of GABA\n                    <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n                    receptors on astrocytes. The data that have emerged, however, indicate a prominent role for second\u2010messenger regulation by this receptor. \u00a9 1994 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.440110203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,28]],"date-time":"2004-12-28T15:08:43Z","timestamp":1104246523000},"page":"83-93","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":110,"title":["Astrocytic GABA receptors"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Douglas D.","family":"Fraser","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lori A.","family":"Mudrick\u2010Donnon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian A.","family":"Macvicar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(86)90805-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.440010205"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.21.10081"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490310104"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(73)90371-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.1991.tb00817.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02935611"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(90)90467-N"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"112","article-title":"Electrophysiology of GABAA and GABAB receptor subtypes","volume":"11","author":"Bormann J.","year":"1988","journal-title":"T.I.N.S."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.23.9336"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-0115(85)90215-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1987.sp016493"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.89.19.9344"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)90725-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1317970"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.5.14.1661244"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1990.sp017908"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/y92-274"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00371105"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.12-02-00664.1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.440030503"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.06-10-02857.1986"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","first-page":"75","article-title":"Transmembrane topology of the GABA\u2010benzodiazepine receptor: Subcellular distribution and allosteric coupling determined in situ","volume":"35","author":"Czajkowski C.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Mol. 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