{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T17:04:44Z","timestamp":1760547884538},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,12]],"date-time":"2004-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1097539200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3603,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Glia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Species difference in the susceptibility to 1\u2010methyl\u20104\u2010phenyl\u20101,2,3,6\u2010tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) was investigated in cultured rat and mouse astrocytes, where 1\u2010methyl\u20104\u2010phenylpyridinium (MPP<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>), the toxic mediator of MPTP, is formed. Type A monoamine oxidase (MAO) predominated in both rat and mouse astrocytes, while its activity was slightly higher in mouse cells compared to rat cells; MAO\u2010B activity, on the other hand, was significantly lower in mouse astrocytes than in rat astrocytes. Because both types of MAO have been reported to make similar contributions to MPP<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> production in astrocytes, their total activity was examined and results indicated that there was no significant difference between these two species. In additon, MPP<jats:sup>\u00b1<\/jats:sup> caused a dose dependent loss of cell viability as judged by the amount of lactate dehydrogenase released into the incubation medium. The toxicity of MPP<jats:sup>\u00b1<\/jats:sup> on astrocytes started to be seen after a 2 day incubation period. Mouse astrocytes were more vulnerable to MPP<jats:sup>\u00b1<\/jats:sup> than rat astrocytes. The threshhold values for MPP<jats:sup>\u00b1<\/jats:sup> toxicity in mouse and rat cultures were 10 \u00b1M and 70 \u00b1M, respectively. After addition of [<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H] MPP<jats:sup>\u00b1<\/jats:sup> to the medium, intracellular [<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H] MPP<jats:sup>\u00b1<\/jats:sup> was found to increase in both cultures. Mouse astrocytes accumulated more MPP<jats:sup>\u00b1<\/jats:sup> than rat astrocytes (150 pmol\/mg protein vs. 65 pmol\/mg protein). When astrocytes were allowed to accumulate [<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H] MPP<jats:sup>\u00b1<\/jats:sup> and then incubated in fresh medium medium not containing [<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H] MPP<jats:sup>\u00b1<\/jats:sup>, intracellular levels of [<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H] MPP<jats:sup>\u00b1<\/jats:sup> in both cells rapidly declined (110 pmol\/protein in mouse vs. 40 pmol\/mg protein in rat of MPP<jats:sup>\u00b1<\/jats:sup> been released). These results indicated that (1) MPP<jats:sup>\u00b1<\/jats:sup> could cross the plasma membrane of astrocytes despite of its charged chemical structure, (2) mouse astrocytes had a higher capacity for MPP<jats:sup>\u00b1<\/jats:sup> accumulation (approximately 2\u2010fold), as well as release (approximately 2.7\u2010fold), than rat astrocytes, and (3) mouse astrocytes were more vulnerable to MPP<jats:sup>\u00b1<\/jats:sup> than rat astrocytes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.440120409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,12,31]],"date-time":"2004-12-31T13:39:18Z","timestamp":1104500358000},"page":"329-335","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Differences in the disposition and toxicity of 1\u2010methyl\u20104\u2010phenylpyridinium in cultured rat and mouse astrocytes"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"May J.","family":"Tsai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eminy H. Y.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"97","article-title":"Growth and cultivation of dissociated neurons and glial cells from embryonic chick, rat and human brain in flask cultures","volume":"2","author":"Booher J.","year":"1972","journal-title":"Neurobiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.80.14.4546"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1993.tb13656.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0361-9230(93)90215-W"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199209000-00014"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(84)91293-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","first-page":"594","article-title":"Biotransformation of MPTP in primary cultures of mouse astrocyte","volume":"258","author":"Di Monte D. A.","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","first-page":"44","article-title":"Toxicity of 1\u2010methyl\u20104\u2010phenyl\u20101,2,3,6\u2010tetrahydropyridine in primary cultures of mouse astrocytes","volume":"261","author":"Di Monte D. A.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00968079"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2944(81)90019-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/311467a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.16.6172"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03159727"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000111315"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(93)90349-K"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","first-page":"175","volume-title":"Neuroscience Approached Through Cell Culture","author":"Hertz L.","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01188403"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","first-page":"1379","article-title":"Neurotoxic effects of MPTP in the substantia nigra and the locus coeruleus in BALB\/c mice","volume":"259","author":"Hess S. C.","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(88)90144-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.82.7.2173"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","first-page":"631","article-title":"Neurochemical effects of MPTP in the dog:effects of pargyline pretreatment","volume":"11","author":"Johannessen J. N.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Soc. Neurosci. Abstr."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(85)90062-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490300310"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1385\/0-89603-214-0:269"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(88)90308-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0270(87)90041-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6823561"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(84)90777-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6332378"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(88)90227-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/311464a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","first-page":"842","article-title":"Toxic effects of potential environmental neurotoxins related to 1\u2010methyl\u20104\u2010phenylpyridinium on cultured rat dopaminergic neurons","volume":"248","author":"Michel P. P.","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1990.tb01935.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.06-01-00022.1986","volume":"6","author":"Miller R. H.","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Neurosci."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1976.tb07011.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3205(81)90322-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.6.12.1521741"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7585","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)57434-8","volume":"261","author":"Ramsay R. E.","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","first-page":"443","article-title":"On the mechanisms underlying MPTP toxicity. II. Susceptibility among mammalian species correlates with the toxin's metabolic patterns in brain microvessels and liver","volume":"244","author":"Riachi N. J.","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(91)90854-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(84)90614-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-3940(86)90083-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_45_1","first-page":"1400","article-title":"Dopaminergic neurotoxicity of 1\u2010methyl\u20104\u2010phenylpyridinium analogs in cultured neurons: Relationship to the dopamine uptake system and inhibition of mitochondrial respiration","volume":"260","author":"Saporito M. S.","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4274(89)90168-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-4886(86)90070-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-198807000-00006"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1991.tb02057.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(87)90205-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-4458-2_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1982.tb12598.x"}],"container-title":["Glia"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fglia.440120409","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/glia.440120409","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,24]],"date-time":"2023-10-24T01:06:59Z","timestamp":1698109619000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/glia.440120409"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1994,12]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1994,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/glia.440120409"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/glia.440120409","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0894-1491","1098-1136"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0894-1491","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-1136","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1994,12]]}}}