{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T16:16:03Z","timestamp":1791389763521,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747872000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100016887","name":"Motor Neurone Disease Research Australia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IG 2132"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IG 2132"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100016887","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001782","name":"University of Melbourne","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Early Career Researcher Grant 2020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Early Career Researcher Grant 2020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001782","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Glia"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is defined by motor neuron death. However, recent research has identified non\u2010cell\u2010autonomous mechanisms, with significant involvement of glia in disease progression. We link previous observations of intracellular protein aggregates in glia to the autophagy pathway, the primary mediator of intracellular degradation of large protein aggregates. While dysfunctional autophagy is reported in ALS motor neurons, pre\u2010clinical and clinical outcomes of autophagy modulators have been inconsistent, indicating the need for a nuanced understanding of autophagy dynamics across CNS cell types and ALS\u2010affected regions. We hypothesized that glial autophagy is defective in ALS, with glial\u2010type\u2010specific dysfunction. To investigate in\u00a0vivo autophagy dynamics, we intercrossed SOD1\n                    <jats:sup>G93A<\/jats:sup>\n                    mice with transgenic RFP\u2010EGFP\u2010LC3 autophagy reporter mice, enabling the quantification of autophagy degradation, termed flux. Investigation of autophagy dynamics in SOD1 oligodendrocytes, microglia, and astrocytes at key disease stages uncovered useful insights. While oligodendrocytes seemed to mount effective compensatory autophagic responses to combat mutant SOD1, significantly increased autophagy flux was observed in symptomatic spinal microglia and astrocytes in comparison to controls. Symptomatic SOD1 astrocytes displayed greater autophagy dysfunction compared to microglia, with subcellular analysis revealing cell compartment\u2010specific, transient autophagy defects that returned to control levels by end stage. Interestingly, spinal glia showed more pronounced and earlier autophagy dysfunction compared to motor cortex glia, where autophagy dysfunction emerged later in disease end stage, aligning with greater spinal cord pathology reported in this model. Our results suggest that cell\u2010type\u2010 and time\u2010specific targeting might be essential when developing autophagy therapeutics for ALS, with prioritization of astrocytic autophagy modulation.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.70045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,22]],"date-time":"2025-05-22T07:44:30Z","timestamp":1747899870000},"page":"1860-1882","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Mapping Glial Autophagy Dynamics in an Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Mouse Model Reveals Microglia and Astrocyte Autophagy Dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"73","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7695-6290","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nirma D.","family":"Perera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health  Melbourne Australia"},{"name":"Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental 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