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In particular, an overactivation of microglia following HIE represents a pathogenically important process. Previous studies have shown that microglial inhibitors can exert neuroprotective effects in HIE; however, the specific mechanisms underlying these effects have not yet been elucidated. Ligation of the left common carotid artery and exposure to 5% O\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    were utilized to produce an HIE model in rats. A number of experimental approaches were then used to determine the effect of a microglial inhibition, achieved via the administration of GW2580, a Csf1r inhibitor, and investigate the mechanisms involved. Our HIE models exhibited substantial brain infarction and were significantly impaired in motor functions (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.01\u20130.001, in all tests examined). In the infarction areas, the number of microglia, macrophages, and neural stem cells (NSCs) was all dramatically increased over that in sham\u2010injured rats, respectively (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05\u20130.001). The administration of GW2580 significantly reduced the numbers of microglia and macrophages, but increased the number of NSCs when compared to those in vehicle\u2010treated HIE models (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05\u20130.001). Furthermore, GW2580 significantly ameliorated both the histological and behavioral phenotypes in HIE rats and increased STAT phosphorylation (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05\u20130.001). Finally, the inhibition or activation of STAT3 respectively decreased or increased the neuroprotective effects of GW2580 (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009&lt;\u20090.05\u20130.001). Collectively, our findings demonstrate that the STAT3 signaling pathway plays a critical role in the neuroprotective effects of microglial inhibition and may facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies to treat stroke.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.70149","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,26]],"date-time":"2026-03-26T11:50:47Z","timestamp":1774525847000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Microglial Inhibition Promotes Proliferation and Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells via\n                    <scp>STAT3<\/scp>\n                    \/\n                    <scp>SDF<\/scp>\n                    \u20101\/\n                    <scp>CXCR4<\/scp>\n                    Signaling Pathway in Hypoxic\u2013Ischemic Encephalopathy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Ao","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurobiology Research Center, School of Medicine Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Shenzhen China"},{"name":"Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Institute of Neurological Disease, West China School of Medicine Sichuan University, Sichuan University Affiliated Chengdu Second People's Hospital  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guiqin","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University  Zhengzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingwei","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0791-1419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jie","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Tan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center Guangzhou Medical University  Guangzhou China"},{"name":"Institute of Neurological Disease, West China School of Medicine Sichuan University, Sichuan University Affiliated Chengdu Second People's Hospital  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zilin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurobiology Research Center, School of Medicine Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhui","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurobiology Research Center, School of Medicine Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat\u2010Sen University  Shenzhen China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Health Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University  Zhengzhou China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurobiology Research Center, School of Medicine 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